Abstract
Retrotransposon elements are peculiar genetic elements raised through copy and paste mechanism by retrotransposition. Their ability to move and/or replicate inside the genome is an important evolutionary force responsible for the increase of genome size and the regulation of gene expression. In this paper, molecular identification of retrotransposon-like elements including seven LTR and non-LTR (LINE and SINE) like sequences, which were characterised by cloning RAPD fragments in Iranian river buffalo, is reported. The analysis demonstrated the presence of partial sequences of SINEs (MIRb, Bov-A2, BovtA2, CHR-2_BT and CHR-2B), LINE (L1_Carn7) and LTR (ERVL-B4) in the target genome. The sequences of Bov-tA2 and CHR-2 like elements contain the whole promoter boxes of RNA polymerase III and tRNArelated region with few differences in their nucleotides. This may occur by mutations and extinction of elements during evolution. The identification of these retrotransposable elements for the first time in Iranian river buffalo represents an important step towards the understanding of mechanisms of genome evolution within the species and perhaps will be useful in other related studies on population genetics, speciation and genome manipulation of this species.
Highlights
Mobile elements are interspersed repetitive DNA sequences with the unique ability to move and make copies within the genome they occupy
Almost all of the short interspersed elements (SINE) reported from the genome of mammals and plants, are related to transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) (Okada, 1991; Okada and Hamada, 1997); except to human Alu and mice B1 families that were derived from 7SL RNA
This is in contrast with the report of Gosso et al (2007), who suggested that MIRb repeat element is present in human, rhesus (Macaca mullata) and chimpanzee, but not in other mammal lineages
Summary
Mobile elements are interspersed repetitive DNA sequences with the unique ability to move and make copies within the genome they occupy. They often comprise between 40 to 90% of a genome (Waterston et al, 2002). With these elements, original copy of DNA in the genome is first transcripted to mRNA. Original copy of DNA in the genome is first transcripted to mRNA This transcript is reverse transcripted and the resulting DNA inserted to a new location in a process termed target primed reverse transcription (TPRT) (Luan et al, 1993)
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