Abstract
Schistosomiasis, an environmentally-mediated disease, contracted by swimming or wading in freshwater bodies harbouring the snail intermediate hosts of the genus Schistosoma consisting of five human species: S. haematobium S. mansoni, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum and S. mekongi. Transmission is on the increase with consequent adverse effects on children’s health and school attendance. There is a dearth of information in mapping and prediction of the disease transmission and distribution in the study area. This study made use of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing (GIS/RS) in mapping and prediction of the disease in some affected areas of the state. There was a high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the study communities. There is considerable interest in the literature on disease mapping to interpolate the occurrence, risk and probability from prevalence disease data. There is the need for continuous mapping using GIS/RS, and develop further risk model maps for the whole state using this approach to further understand the spatial pattern of urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria. SPM is based on the number of interventions. The higher the number of interventions is the lower the prevalence of infection. This study will serve as a reliable baseline data for intervention planning in the State. Key words: Urinary schistosomiasis, remote sensing and geographical information system, Kriging interpolation, mapping, predictive risk models and simple proportion model.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis is an environmentally-mediated disease that depends on the presence of suitable habitats for snails which serve as intermediate hosts for the causative parasites (Morenikeji and Idowu, 2011).Human water contact activitiesStudies in Africa and beyond have revealed different human water contact patterns, reflecting different modes of life and different characteristics of available water bodies (Owojori et al, 2006; Ugbomoiko, 2010; Hassan et al, 2012)
The predictive risk maps suggest that urinary schistosomiasis is widely distributed and occurring in all the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the state (Figures 1 to 3)
This study agrees with the work of Clements et al (2006a) who developed Bayesian geostatistics model to predict the spatial distribution of S. haemotobuim and S. mansoni infection across a large area of Tanzania
Summary
Schistosomiasis is an environmentally-mediated disease that depends on the presence of suitable habitats for snails which serve as intermediate hosts for the causative parasites (Morenikeji and Idowu, 2011). Studies in Africa and beyond have revealed different human water contact patterns, reflecting different modes of life and different characteristics of available water bodies (Owojori et al, 2006; Ugbomoiko, 2010; Hassan et al, 2012). The various types of human water contact activities can be classified as recreational, domestic, personal and occupational and the extent of body exposure may be classified as limited, partial or complete exposure (Ugbomoiko, 2010).
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