Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out an alternative treatment of low-cost water using organic polymers, Moringa oleifera seed, Opuntia cochenillifera and Cereus jamacaru, associated with the technique of solar water disinfection. From July to November 2020, the samples were collected within the university campus of the Federal University of Recôncavo from Bahia. The count of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were performed. The physicochemical analysis was also carried out (pH, color, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen and temperature). Analyzes were performed at time 0 (before exposure to the sun) and time 1 (after exposure to the sun). The microbiological results were compared, based on the quality criteria established by the Consolidation Ordinance n. 5, of September 28, 2017 from the Ministry of Health. For the control of total coliforms, there was no significant interaction between the levels observed, in both treatments and times. In collection 1, the M. oleifera, after being exposed to the sun, proved to be more efficient in controlling mesophilic microorganisms. The C. jamacaru stood out with satisfactory performance in the two collections in the control of E. coli. In the physicochemical parameters, O. cochenillifera was the species that showed the best performance in decreasing the color and turbidity. We concluded that the polymers were efficient in the control of microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of the water, however, the levels reached were not sufficient to meet the quality parameters established by the current legislation. Therefore, further studies are recommended to improve the technique. Key words: Natural coagulants, natural polymers, water quality, microbiology.
Highlights
In several regions of Brazil and the world, problems related to the consumption of contaminated water were found and it is noteworthy that some regions still do not have access to quality water
The study was conducted in the parasitology and animal microbiology laboratory and in an experimental area of the Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences Center (CCAAB) in the Federal University of Recôncavo from Bahia (UFRB), located in Cruz das Almas, Bahia (12o40' 19"S and 39o06'22'W', altitude 220 m above sea level)
According to the mean test, the time 0 that provided the lowest growth of mesophilic microorganisms was Mandacaru with 941.19 NMP, with a higher value only than the control (129.5 NMP)
Summary
Several factors have driven the current situation of water scarcity, such as the destruction and contamination of water sources, agriculture, livestock, human consumption and environmental pollution (Amaral et al, 2006). In several regions of Brazil and the world, problems related to the consumption of contaminated water were found and it is noteworthy that some regions still do not have access to quality water. The lack of access to the water distribution network is inversely related to income, that is, the largest deficits (45%) are associated with the lowest income strata, decreasing as income increases (Viera et al, 2010). In addition to problems related to failures in the distribution of treated water, the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil faces irregular rainfall, with long periods of drought and high temperatures. Water quality becomes a critical factor, since control and monitoring procedures for the quality of drinking water, established in the legislation, are often infeasible and unenforceable (Tomasella at al., 2018)
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