Abstract
Alangium salvifolium wang is a medicinal plant of the Alanginaceae family which was used as a traditional medicine to cure or prevent a variety of ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of ethanol (EASR), dichloromethane (DASR), chloroform (CASR) and aqueous (AASR) extracts of A. salvifolium root. Phytochemical screening was done by using qualitative methods whereas total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total flavonol content (TFlC) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, aluminium trichloride and sodium acetate solution methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant content (TAC) assay. Ellman's assay was applied to investigate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibitory effect. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of valuable phytochemicals with significantly (P*<0.05, P**<0.01, P***<0.001) different content of TPC, TFC and TFlC. CASR, among the extracts, had shown the highest TPC (492.38±22.34 mg/g gallic acid), followed by TFC (276.25±17.23 mg/g quercetin) and TFlC (332.92±7.07 mg/g quercetin). Moreover, maximum antioxidant potential, including DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 11.26±1.29 µg/ml), FRAP (EC50: 26.64±2.17 µg/ml) and TAC (639.55±10.51 mg/g ascorbic acid) was found in the CASR. Donepezil, a standard drug, showed maximum inhibitory effect of AChE (IC50: 7.94±1.12 µg/ml) and BChE (IC50:12.58±2.15 µg/ml). CASR followed by DASR had potent inhibitory effects while AASR had mild and EASR practically had no inhibitory effects of the enzymes. The present study has demonstrated that the root extracts of the A. salvifolium have moderate to potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. Key words: Alangium salvifolium, antioxidant, Anticholinesterase effect, phenol content, flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power.
Highlights
Free radical damage and oxidative stress are considered as important causative factors for generation as well as exacerbation of various ailments like cancer, diabetes, asthma, and the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Asmat et al, 2015)
Less quantity of the reactive oxygen (ROS) species are the precondition to keep the integrity of the neuronal cells and subsequently their normal functioning, since the elevated level of the radicals can lead to neuronal cell death (Yongxin et al, 2013)
A. salvifolium wang root was collected from Rajshahi, Bangladesh between January and June, 2013 and identified by an expert of the Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, where a voucher specimen number was retained with an accession no. 40214
Summary
Free radical damage and oxidative stress are considered as important causative factors for generation as well as exacerbation of various ailments like cancer, diabetes, asthma, and the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Asmat et al, 2015). A potential source of damage to DNA, lipids, sugars and proteins, causes an imbalance between the intracellular production of free radicals/reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms, resulting in cellular injury (Gjumrakch et al, 2008). Less quantity of the reactive oxygen (ROS) species are the precondition to keep the integrity of the neuronal cells and subsequently their normal functioning, since the elevated level of the radicals can lead to neuronal cell death (Yongxin et al, 2013). Antioxidants, being the defensive agents against the oxidative stress, have multiple functions in biological systems, including maintenance of cell integrity and cell signaling pathways (Kumar et al, 2008). One principal cellular function of antioxidants is to prevent damage caused by the ROS. Various studies have proved that an antioxidant may scavenge a highly reactive free radical or may inactivate it by donating a proton atom or by accepting an electron from the radical, and eventually prevents the free radicalinduced diseases (Jiaojiao et al, 2012)
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