Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stress particularly fungal diseases and salinity are major challenges facing mango cultivations in Oman. Micropropagation technique for multiplying disease resistant and salinity tolerant elite cultivars could be utilized to replace dead and infected plants in mango orchards but standardize in-vitro regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis is prerequisite. Nucellar tissues from immature mango fruits of monoembryonic cultivars Alphonso, Amrapali, Dashehari and Zafran, and polyembryonic cultivars Carabao and Turpentine were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis plantlets. Gamborg’s B5 macronutrients, Murashige and Skoog micronutrients, iron source, vitamins and organics were used as standard basal media for all types of media used at each stage of somatic embryo development and regeneration. Induction medium 2 containing 2 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine were induced highest percentage of primary somatic embryos for Alphonso (22.08%) while induction medium 3 having 1 mg/l 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with sucrose 60 gm/l and induction medium 1 containing 1 mg/l 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine induced highest percentage of primary somatic embryos in Carabao (29.17%) and Turpentine (42.71%) respectively. Maximum somatic embryo germination were achieved in germination medium 2 containing 0.1 mg/l Indole-3-acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l Gibberellic acid for Alphonso (7.34%) and Turpentine (3.34%) while for Carabao (18.59%) in germination medium 1 which does not contain any plant growth regulators. Germinated plantlets are surviving well in ex-vitro conditions after 4 months of transfer to greenhouse and survival rate of 66.66% for Alphonso, 26.68% for Carabao and 49.16% for Turpentine was obtained. Key words: Mango, nucellar embryogenesis, monoembryonic, polyembryonic, somatic embryo, germination, survival rate.
Highlights
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) a popular fruit of tropical and subtropical region belongs to the dicotyledonous familyAnacardiaceae
Data for number of explants callused and number of explants produced primary somatic embryos (PSEs) were recorded for 60, 90, 120 and 150 days old cultures in induction media but highest callusing was observed in 90 days old culture and highest PSE induction was observed in 120 days old culture in both fruit size explants of all 6 mango cultivars studied
Higher callus initiation was observed in medium size explants of Amrapali and Zafran but these calluses were non-embryogenic in nature which does not form any primary somatic embryos (Tables 2 and 3)
Summary
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) a popular fruit of tropical and subtropical region belongs to the dicotyledonous familyAnacardiaceae. Evaluation of mango genotypes resulted into the recommendation of 16 good quality and high yielding cultivars for cultivation in Oman and majority of them are monoembryonic such as Alphonso, Amrapali, Dashehari, and Zafran of Indian cultivars (MAF, 1989; 1990, 1991, 1992). These cultivars are semi-vigorous with semi erect tree shape and early ripening (April to mid-may) with average yield ranged from 45 to 100 kg /tree and fruit quality of 17% total soluble solids (MAF, 1989, 1990). In Oman, heterozygous rootstock seedlings of local strain named "Omani mango" have been used to propagate recommended monoembryonic mango cultivars resulting in non-uniform trees
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