Abstract
Vegetative propagation via grafting is a common method to propagate mono-embryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in Oman which is time consuming and expensive. Standardize in-vitro regeneration protocol in producing true-to-type, disease free and homogeneous high quality plants is prerequisite. Nucellar tissues from immature mango fruits of mono-embryonic cv. Baramasi were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis and plantlets regeneration. Several media compositions were evaluated for all the four stages that is, induction, conversion, maturation and germination. Modified Gamborg’s B5 major salts, MS minor salts, iron source and organics were used as basal media with varying hormone concentrations. The highest number of callused explants (12.6) was observed in induction media 1 (IND1) containing 1 mg/l 2, 4-D, 0.25 mg/l BAP, 400 mg/l L-glutamine and 500 mg/l malt extract. About 49.6% callus produced somatic embryos (SEs) and maximum 69.7 SEs were proliferated from each embryogenic callus in conversion media 2 (CM2) having 0.5 mg/l BAP. The highest germination (35.9%) with well-developed shoot, leaves and roots was observed in germination media 5 (GM5) containing 0.1 mg/l IAA, 1 mg/l Kinetin and 0.5 mg/l GA3. About 65% of transplanted plants are still surviving in green house conditions even after 4 months of transfer. Key words: Nucellar embryogenesis, mono-embryonic, genotype, callus, germination, maturation, induction, basal media.
Highlights
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) which belongs to the dicotyledonous family Anacardiaceae, is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruit crops in the world
The results revealed that media formulations varied significantly in inducing Baramasi nucellar tissues for callus induction
Ara et al (2000) found that 2, 4-D 1 mg/l stimulated the callus initiation and induction of pro-embryonic calli (PEC) in cultured nucellar tissues of monoembryonic cultivars Amrapali and Chausa while Malabadi et al (2011) used 4.52 μM 2, 4-D and 2.27 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) with full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) as the basal medium and were able to induce somatic embryo formation in Ratnagiri cv after 4 to 9 weeks of culture. All of these studies indicate that auxin 2, 4-D is the fore most requirement during induction stage of somatic embryogenesis in monoembryonic mango cultivars though prolonged presence of 2, 4-D in induction media inhibits the growth of somatic embryos beyond globular stage (Hare Krishna and Singh, 2007)
Summary
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) which belongs to the dicotyledonous family Anacardiaceae, is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruit crops in the world. It is a widely cultivated fruit in the Sultanate of Oman and occupies fourth position in terms of area and production. Mango is either mono-embryonic, Indian source or polyembryonic from Southeast Asian race (Mukherjee, 1977). The seedlings of mono-embryonic varieties are not true to type unlike poly-embryonic varieties which are genetically homogenous. Vegetative propagation is still a common method to propagate.
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