Abstract
Introduction Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma represents an important cause of cancerrelated death. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the sec ond most common type of head and neck malignancies, with a total of 12,000 new cases diagnosed yearly in the United States. The clinical value of several molecules as molecular biomarkers for prognosis of laryn geal squamous cell carcinoma as well as for monitoring the response of laryngeal squamous cell carci noma patients to treatment is high. This review summarises the clinical importance of tumour protein p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, marker of proliferation Ki67, cyclins, cyclindependent kinase 4, inhibitors of cyclindependent kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor A and its receptor, Bcell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein family members, kal likreinrelated peptidase 11, 3,4di hydroxylphenylalanine decarbox ylase and microRNAs. Conclusion Deregulation of protein or mRNA expression of these genes in laryn geal squamous cell carcinoma com pared to benign laryngeal tumours, dysplasias, or normal tissues of the larynx suggests that these potential molecular biomarkers merit further validation owing to their impor tant prognostic value in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treatment.
Highlights
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma represents an important cause of cancer-related death
The overwhelm ing majority of head and neck cases are characterised as squa mous cell carcinomas (SCCs)
The causative risk factors of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include tobacco use and alcohol consumption as well as other habits that are likely to be implicated in laryngeal tumourigenesis
Summary
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma represents an important cause of cancer-related death. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which represents an impor tant cause of cancer-related death, starts from squamous cells lining the moist, mucosal surfaces inside the mouth, the nose and the throat. Such tumours can develop in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, larynx, trachea, hypolarynx, nasopha rynx, oropharynx, ears and salivary glands. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common type of HNSCC, with a total of 12,000 new cases diagnosed yearly in the US. The causative risk factors of HNSCC include tobacco use and alcohol consumption as well as other habits that are likely to be implicated in laryngeal tumourigenesis
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