Abstract
Common green lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi is one of the important biological control agents and is used effectively to manage various insect pests. Chrysopid predators are found to harbor many endosymbiotic yeasts and bacteria. Keeping this in view, a study on the distribution of yeast and bacteria in the adult diverticulum and larval gut was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular techniques. TEM showed the presence of a load of bacterial cells towards the periphery of inner side of the epithelial lining and the dividing bacterial cells in the larval gut. Numerous oval and kidney shaped yeast fauna were found to be distributed within the lumen and diverticular folds of the diverticulum of adult. Our study reveals the presence and distribution of yeast and bacterial cells from the adult diverticulum and gut of larva. Microbial isolates were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and ITS region of yeast including partial rRNA genes ITS-1 and partial 5.8S rRNA gene for yeast, respectively which revealed the presence of yeast isolates namely Kodamaea ohmeri, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and bacterial isolates namely: Enterobacter hormaechei, E. cloacae and Enterobacter sp. as most common from adult and larvae, respectively. Key words: Diverticulum, diverticular folds, epithelial lining, lumen, yeast, bacteria
Highlights
Lacewings are one of the important biological control agents that are used effectively to manage various insect pests especially sucking pests in different agroecosystems (Cannard et al, 1984; Carvalho et al, 2002; Symondron et al, 2002; Venkatesan et al, 2009; Henry et al, 2010)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a thick epithelial lining surrounding the lumen and the lumen harbor load of bacterial cells towards the periphery of inner side of the epithelial lining and the dividing bacterial cells (Figure 2; 1-4), confirming that bacterial cells are widely distributed within the lumen of the gut of larvae
The adult diverticulum was folded internally and numerous kidney, oval and other shapes of yeast fauna were found distributed within the lumen of the diverticulum and between the diverticular folds of the diverticulum of adult (Figure 3: 1-6)
Summary
Lacewings are one of the important biological control agents that are used effectively to manage various insect pests especially sucking pests in different agroecosystems (Cannard et al, 1984; Carvalho et al, 2002; Symondron et al, 2002; Venkatesan et al, 2009; Henry et al, 2010). 4.0 International License synthesize other essential nutrients (Dillon and Dillon, 2004; Nardi et al, 2002; Lilburn et al, 2001; Breznak, 2000) and enhancing the internal defence mechanism against toxic compounds. In this regard the chrysopid predators are found to harbor many endosymbiotic yeasts like symbionts in adults which may provide essential amino acids that are normally absent in their diet (Hagen and Tassan, 1966, 1972). In the present study we described the internal anatomy of the diverticulum of adult as well as midgut of both larvae and adult using
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