Abstract
Multiple antibiotic resistance is a major cause of clinical infections worldwide. This study determined the pattern of multidrug bacterial resistance in hospital sewage samples from the Marathwada region of India. Forty-eight isolates of bacteria were obtained from 6 locations of Aurangabad. An antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Among all the antibiotics tested, the highest level of resistance was observed in the beta lactam class (85%), followed by Tetracycline (58%), Cephalosporin (58%), quinolones (52%) and gentamycin (45%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most prevalent bacteria, showing antibiotic resistance to all tested antibiotics with a MAR index of 1. It is concluded that hospital sewage water could be a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which may further contaminate drinking water bodies, potentially presenting a public health risk to the general populace. Key words: Antibiotics, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes.
Highlights
Antibiotics are compounds produced by micro-organisms and that are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth
The term antibiotic is broadly used for all those compounds that can be used against the bacterial infection
In biochemical tests carried out for 48 isolates, we found a total of 6 different types of bacteria out of which 3 were Gram negative and 3 were Gram positive namely, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Table 2
Summary
Antibiotics are compounds produced by micro-organisms and that are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. The problem of antibiotic resistance occurs due to the uncontrolled and excessive use of antibiotics by hospital and home care patients (Sidhu et al, 2016) This leads to the spread of resistant genes in water systems (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2012). In rural communities of developing countries like the India, untreated water from rivers, dams, and streams is directly used for drinking (Biyela et al, 2004). These water resources could possibly be contaminated with microbes from sewage water through rainfall runoff and other sources (Obi et al, 2002). The current study has been undertaken to evaluate the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria in hospital sewage samples from Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India, as well as to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolated bacteria
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