Abstract
Microsatellites of the X-chromosome have been increasingly studied in recent years as a useful tool in forensic analysis. This review describes some details of X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Among them are: microsatellites, amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of STRs, PCR product evaluation, PCR product purification, separation and detection, data analysis of STR by Identity Software, locus information and allele frequencies for X-chromosomal STR in different populations (DXS101, DXS7423, DXS8377, DXS6789, DXS6807 genetic loci) and advantages of X-chromosomal micro-satellites. In forensic casework and DNA databases, polymorphism in STR is important as a forensic genetic marker. Key words: Short tandem repeat (STR) loci, forensic, interpretation.
Highlights
The human X chromosome (ChrX) has so far played a minor role in forensic and in population studies, but the application of ChrX markers in these fields is accomplishing detailed attention and new doors are opening in population and forensic research (Szibor et al, 2003).Microsatellites are DNA regions with repeat units that are 2 to 7 bp in length or most generally short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (Ellegren et al, 2003)
The classification of the DNA sequences is determined by the length of the core repeat unit and the number of adjacent repeat units
Since the STR markers are important for human identification purposes (Rui et al, 2009) the number of repeats can be highly variable among individuals and can be used for identification purposes
Summary
Babylon University, Centre of Environmental Research, Iraq. Microsatellites of the X-chromosome have been increasingly studied in recent years as a useful tool in forensic analysis. This review describes some details of X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR). Among them are: microsatellites, amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of STRs, PCR product evaluation, PCR product purification, separation and detection, data analysis of STR by Identity Software, locus information and allele frequencies for X-chromosomal STR in different populations (DXS101, DXS7423, DXS8377, DXS6789, DXS6807 genetic loci) and advantages of X-chromosomal microsatellites. In forensic casework and DNA databases, polymorphism in STR is important as a forensic genetic marker
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