Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand how operating models and organizational structure impact the effectiveness of higher education institutions for students, faculty, administrators and the broader community. In this case study, the researcher uses the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria (MBNQAC) to understand core values and the concepts of those seven criteria which are: 1) leadership 2) strategic planning 3) student, stakeholder and market focus 4) measurement, analysis, and knowledge management 5) faculty and staff focus 6) process management and 7) organizational performance results. These criteria are analyzed with visionary leadership and a comparison of the strategic plans of Alvernia University and Kutztown University. The changes imperatives for higher education institutions include the redesign of education, more flexible faculty, increased efficiency, removal of boundaries, and entry into new markets. In addition, challenges and conflicts facing the change process are also discussed in the context of Kotter’s Change Theory. This paper advocates a pragmatic approach to analyze what works and also what are the viable solutions to known problems. Key words: Leadership, educational leadership, higher education, business models, academic excellence, strategic plan. 
Highlights
Based on U.S Census Bureau data, hundreds of new higher education institutions joined the American education system in recent years
The researcher used the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria (MBNQAC) to understand core values and the concepts of those seven criteria which are: 1) Leadership 2) Strategic planning 3) Student, stakeholder and market focus 4) Measurement analysis and knowledge management 5) Faculty and staff focus 6) Process management, and 7) Organizational performance results. These criteria are analyzed with visionary leadership and a comparison of the strategic plans of Alvernia and Kutztown Universities
MBNQAC criteria of leadership, strategic planning, student, stakeholder and market focus, measurement, analysis, and knowledge management, faculty and staff focus, process management and organizational performance results were analyzed through a detailed review of the strategic plans of Alvernia and Kutztown Universities
Summary
Based on U.S Census Bureau data, hundreds of new higher education institutions joined the American education system in recent years. In 2017, there were 4,627 colleges and universities in the United States (National Center for Education Statistics, 2018). Within this big education system, universities can be categorized as either public or private institutions. Private institutions are more independent in their ability to make financial decisions than are public institutions (Adams et al, 2010). Both public and private colleges and universities have several distinguishing characteristics in terms of their mission, vision and values as organizations
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