Abstract
Animal African trypanosmiasis (AAT) is the most important factor contributing to the sub potential performance of livestock. AAT is caused by Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma brucei. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are the major means of combating the disease. An estimated 17 million cattle are treated with trypanocides annually. The emergence of drug-resistant trypanosome strains is considered a serious problem in trypanosomiasis control particularly for the resource-poor, at-risk populations and farmers in Africa. Trypanocidal drug resistance is the decreased or absence of sensitivity of trypanosome strains to standard quality trypanocidal drugs at the dose recommended in a good veterinary practice. Different resistance mechanisms are acquired independently through exposure to different drugs. A good example for this is cross resistance for diminazene and isometamidium. Trypanosomiasis drug resistance has been officially reported in 21 African countries. Moreover, certain African countries reported the presence of multi drug resistance. Safeguarding the available trypanocidal drugs is mandatory to reduce the devastating impact of the disease. Key words: Resistance, trypanosome, African animal trypanosomiasis.
Highlights
African trypanosomes cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), a debilitating disease of humans and domestic animals in the humid and sub-humid zones of Africa, respectively (Muhanguzi et al, 2015)
Previous study showed that trypanocidal drug resistance had no significant impact on the packed cell volume (PCV) and body weight losses of goats infected by T. vivax except for a few highly virulent strains
Eze et al (2015) conducted a study on trypanocidal resistance in trypanosomes isolated from animals to diminazene and isometamidium, in sub humid tropical zone of Southeastern Nigeria
Summary
African trypanosomes cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), a debilitating disease of humans and domestic animals in the humid and sub-humid zones of Africa, respectively (Muhanguzi et al, 2015). Resistance development as a result of the use of sub-therapeutic doses of diminazene and/or intensive use of the drug in the strain of T. congolense was reported. Previous study showed that trypanocidal drug resistance had no significant impact on the PCV and body weight losses of goats infected by T. vivax except for a few highly virulent strains.
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