Abstract
Seed size contributes to yield and it is also a consumer trait of cowpea in Ghana and other parts of the world. Ghanaian consumers tend to prefer large seeded cowpea to small sizes although, Ghanaian varieties have smaller seeds compared to the imported types. This might be a contributing factor to high importation of cowpea to Ghana. To breed cowpeas with large grains, it is paramount to understand the inheritance of the trait. Generation mean analysis was performed to estimate gene actions on seed size of cowpea using CB27 and Gh3710 as the large and small seeded parents respectively. It was observed that eight genes control seed size and that small seed is partially domi- nant over large seed. The estimated broad sense heritability was 84% while the narrow sense was 35%. Both additive and non-additive genes with their interactions in the exception of additive - additive had significant effect on seed size inheritance in cowpea. The inheritance of seed size was observed to be complex, it was suggested that combinations of methods such as single seed descent and backcross methods with selection from early generations through advanced level would help improve seed size of cowpea.
Highlights
Seed size is of interest to many people for the reason that 70-80% of the world’s food calories and 60-70% protein consumed by man come from seeds [1]
The genetic control of the final seed size is complex as a number of factors, discovered, the control of the trait is not well understood
CB27 and Gh3710 with respective seed weights of - and - were used for the experiment
Summary
Seed size is of interest to many people for the reason that 70-80% of the world’s food calories and 60-70% protein consumed by man come from seeds [1]. The effort to increase the number of seeds or their sizes relates to increasing food production [2]. The genetic control of the final seed size is complex as a number of factors, discovered (mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana), the control of the trait is not well understood. A factor named GW2 was discovered in rice to induce cell proliferation in grains thereby increasing its size [4]. Et al [5] reported that “DA1 plays a major role in setting final sizes of both seeds and organs by restricting the duration of proliferative growth”. EOD3 and CYP78A9 gene families were reported to control seed size in Arabidopsis in both overlapping and distinct manner [7]
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