Abstract
Thirty two strains of Aspergillus genus were isolated from soil samples obtained from particular ecosystems: Laghouat endowed with a desert climate and Teleghma with a warm and temperate climate. Based on the morphological aspect, this collection was subdivided into ten phenotypic groups. This identification was confirmed by molecular analyzes using a molecular marker of the genu ribosomal 18s. This marker will allow us to associate our sequences with those of known organisms. In order to discover new antibiotic molecules, the antibacterial activity was performed against two Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and also two Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa, using two different techniques: Agar cylinders and disks technique. The results show that the fungal species have an activity against at least one test bacterium. The Gram positive bacteria were the most affected, where the averages of the inhibition zones reach 34.33 mm. However, Gram-negative bacteria showed less important results from 0 to 12.00 mm. It is recorded that the antibacterial activity was studied for the first time in the following two species: Aspergillus niveus and Aspergillus wentii. Furthermore, an indepth study is underway on bioguided fractionation, which would identify individual components and lead to the isolation of the active ingredient. Key words: Aspergillus, particular ecosystems, antibacterial activity.
Highlights
The massive use of antibiotics has not led to the elimination of infections, but has made microbes resist these antibiotics by exerting a selection pressure which favors the emergence of resistance genes in bacteria, making multi-resistant strains to be responsible for serious infections
Thirty two strains of Aspergillus genus were isolated from soil samples obtained from particular ecosystems: Laghouat endowed with a desert climate and Teleghma with a warm and temperate climate
Our work focuses on the research of antibacterial activity of certain strains of Aspergillus genus isolated from the soil sampled from particular ecosystems: Laghouat has a desert climate and Teleghma has a warm and temperate climate
Summary
The massive use of antibiotics has not led to the elimination of infections, but has made microbes resist these antibiotics by exerting a selection pressure which favors the emergence of resistance genes in bacteria, making multi-resistant strains to be responsible for serious infections. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a worrying global phenomenon (Courvalin and Philippon, 1990; Bevilacqua, 2011). To the increase in infections involving multi-resistant bacteria, the need for new effective antibacterial treatments is more and more imperious (Savin, 2014). The isolation of strains from rarely exploited ecosystems allows the discovery of strains that may have a high potential or unexploited production. The use of antibioticresistant bacteria as germs tests can lead to the discovery of effective molecules which may be new (Boughachiche et al, 2012). In this field, fungi have been widely studied. Of a total of 10700 antibiotics described for the entire living world, about 1600 are from fungi (Botton et al, 1990)
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