Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced callusing from cotyledons in all three species of Cyamopsis . The maximum callus induction from cotyledon explant was evident in Cyamopsis serrata and Cyamopsis senegalensis on a medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg/l). On the other hand, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba showed poor callus formation on the same medium. The callus however, proliferated well on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium adjuncted with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2 mg/l) + BAP (2 mg/l). Hypocotyl of all the tested species of Cyamopsis showed very good callus induction response in the medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D. As the concentration of BAP increased from (1 mg/l) to (2 mg/l) in combination with NAA (2 mg/l) callus formation was also increased. From cotyledonary node explant, when NAA (2 mg/l) is combined with BAP (1 mg/l), then good callusing was observed in C. serrata whereas no callusing was found in other species. 2,4-D induce callusing in all the three species of cyamopsis at (2mg/l) concentration and both the wild species have more callus formation then cultivated species. In C. serrate , good callusing was observed at BAP (1 mg/l) from immature embryo explant. When the concentration of NAA is increased to 1 mg/l and concentration of BAP is decreased with 0.5 mg/l, response was decreased in wild species of C. senegalensis whereas no change in response was found in the other two species. Keywords : Callus induction, cluster bean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ), Cyamopsis serrata, Cyamopsis senegalensis . African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(30), pp. 4813-4818
Highlights
Callus induction was tried from several explants in Cyamopsis species viz. C. tetragonoloba cv.HG563, C. serrata and C. senegalensis
Hypocotyls, cotyledonary node taken from 7-10 day old aseptically grown seedlings and immature embryos (10 to 12 days after pollination) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with vitamin B5 and fortified with different concentrations of growth regulators, that is, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone and in combinations
NAA (1 mg/l) failed to induce any morphogenic response from cotyledons while its higher dose (2 mg/l) induced rooting directly from the explant which was coupled with callus formation in C. serrata and C. senegalensis. 2, 4-D and BAP on the otherhand, induced callusing from cotyledon in all three species of Cyamopsis while NAA (1 and 2 mg/l) in combination with BAP (0.5-1 mg/l) induced only swelling of explant uncoupled with callusing
Summary
India accounts for 80% of the total guar produced in the world enabling its export to more than 65 countries recording export turnover of 1126 crore during 20062007 (Pahuja et al, 2009). Cluster bean is an important crop of South-western Haryana, which is second largest producer having area, production and productivity of 3.0 lakh ha, 3.6 lakh tons and 1200 kg ha-1, respectively in 2010-2011 (Anonymous, 2010). Rajasthan accounts for about 75% of area and 55% of total production in the country. The crop is mainly grown in the dry habitat of Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat and Punjab and to limited extent in Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Madhya Pradesh (MP), India. India has the largest area under guar cultivation in the world, 75% of the guar gums or their derivatives produced in India are exported mainly to USA and European countries enabling its export to 65
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