Abstract
This research focuses on isolation and identification of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) producing fungi from natural sources of Thailand, followed by experimental designs for carbon and nitrogen utilizations of the potential strains. The results show that 8 and 16 isolates of lower fungi from freshwater and wet-fallen leaves, respectively, could produce PUFAs. Among these isolates, the NR06 that was isolated from wet-fallen leaves at Tad Ta Phu waterfall, Nakhon Ratchasrima province. They showed the highest level productions of both biomass (15.49±0.24 g×l-1) and total fatty acids (16.44±0.30%). The major essential fatty acid composition was found to be arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n6) (32.24±0.35%). The minors were linoleic acid (C18:2n6) (8.26±0.59%) and γ-linoleic acid (GLA; C18:3n6) (5.48±0.08%). Besides the morphological characterization, taxonomic identification by the 636 bp-ITS region sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. It was demonstrated that the fungal isolate NR06 was classified in the closest species of Mortierella elongata with 99% similarity (GenBank accession no. KF181625). Statistically based experimental designs (Design Expert 7.1 software) were applied to the optimization of biomass and fatty acid production in the NR06 culture. Using the glucose as a carbon source, there was a significant effect on both biomass and ARA production (p-values < 0.0001), whereas using yeast extract as a nitrogen source affected only ARA production (p-value = 0.02). It was suggested that the NR06 isolate could be further optimized for an improvement as a potential ARA producing strain. Keywords: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), arachidonic acid (ARA), lower fungi, Mortierella elongata. Abbreviation: PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids; ARA, arachidonic acid.
Highlights
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long-chain fatty acids containing more than one double bond in their backbone
The fungal mycelia from different plates were mounted on slides for general staining with lactophenol cotton blue and oleagineous staining with Sudan Black B to observe sporangiophores and fat globules under a compound microscopy, respectively
The NR06 isolate was considered as a potent culture for the maximum production of biomass (15.49±0.24 g l-1) and total lipid (16.44±0.30%) among all 24 isolates, and it was selected for further characterization and identification
Summary
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long-chain fatty acids containing more than one double bond in their backbone. Long chain PUFAs that are classified as -3 and -6 essential fatty acids (EFA), play important roles in both biomedical and nutraceutical area (Certik and Shimizu, 1999). Their biological functions are conducted via two principles. As a part of lipid subunits in membrane of cells and organelles, PUFAs
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