Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) of inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare smooth muscle sarcomas with less than 300 cases described in the literature. Leiomyosarcoma of IVC is, often detected late in the course due to its indolent manifestation. This study intends to discuss the experiences and challenges in diagnosing this rare entity primarily by radiological imaging in a tertiary centre in India. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound findings in 6 cases of leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava who were referred for multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) scan in the Department of Radiodiagnosis of Government Medical College Calicut over the past 7 years by the treating physician. The patients were identified using a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS In this study, there were six patients diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma of IVC, age ranging from 35 and 64 years (mean 47.8 years, SD 10.7) with 4 (66.6 %) females and 2 (33.33 %) males. The mean size of the tumour at the time of diagnosis was 8.4 cm. The segment of IVC most commonly involved was middle segment in 5 patients (83.3 %). In this series, only a single case had tumour entirely confined within the lumen of inferior vena cava without extraluminal extension. Two out of six cases (16.66 %) had lung metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Two cases without metastasis or significant infiltration to adjacent organs were amenable to resection. CONCLUSIONS Leiomyosarcoma of IVC is a rare tumour, often detected late in the course due to its indolent manifestation. High index of suspicion may help in the early diagnosis of so that early treatment can begin and improve the clinical outcome. KEYWORDS Leiomyosarcoma, Inferior Vena Cava, Mesenchymal Neoplasms
Published Version
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