Abstract
An important chlorophyll-derived diterpenoid essential oil, phytol (PYT) bio-metabolite, phytanic acid (PA) has a number of pathophysiological contributions. The PA metabolism and its plasma levels associated phenomena are continuously being researched on. This study aims to look at the complete current scenario of PA. The findings suggest that PA has anti-diabetic, cytotoxic, anticancer and anti-teratogenic activities. Although PA-mediated Refsum’s Diseases (RD), Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS) and prostate cancer are still controversial; Zellweger's Disease Hyperpipecolic Academia (ZDHA), Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata (RCDP), Leber Disease (LD) and oxidative stress leading to mitochondrial and cardiac complications are also evident. In conclusion, PA may be a good biomarker of some pathophysiological phenomena and can be used for medico-pharmaceutical functions. Key words: Phytanic acid, phytol bio-metabolite, biomarkers, pathophysiological contributions.
Highlights
3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid is a phytol (PYT) degraded and saturated branched-chain fatty acid, which is a C20 oxygenated hydrocarbon
phytanic acid (PA) is especially abundant in the contents of ruminant animals such as fat, liver, plasma, milk, butter, cheese, meat and rumen; there is no evidence in poultry meat
PA is present in pigs
Summary
3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid (phytanic acid) is a phytol (PYT) degraded and saturated branched-chain fatty acid, which is a C20 oxygenated hydrocarbon. It is made up of a C16 backbone and 4 methyl (-CH3) groups. Phytanic acid (PA) is a good substrate for chemical synthesis and is found in both marine and terrestrial food chains (Islam et al, 2015). From the earlier evidence, elevated serum PA levels are characterized by a number of childhood complications as well as the most well-known incident, Refsum’s. PA may be associated with the production of formic acid, cardiac complications, Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS), cytotoxicity, lymphomas (Islam et al, 2015) as well as neurological damages (Nagai, 2015) due to its elevated serum levels. This study aims to make a comprehensive review on the chlorophyll-derived PYT bio-metabolite, PA
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