Abstract

This contribution is aimed at studying multiple labelling in the Oxford Idioms Dictionary for Learners of English (OIDLE2). We sought to establish whether labels belonging to one and the same category combine with one another or whether multiple labelling consists of labels from different categories of labels, the latter providing different types of information. The database used for the analysis was compiled by searching manually through the dictionary and keying in all the idioms with multiple labelling into our database. Altogether, 392 idioms or their senses with two or more labels were found in OIDLE2. The findings of the study are: labels expressing different types of diasystematic information are included; the three most frequent labels appearing in combination with other labels are informal, humorous and old-fashioned; the combination of four labels is used only once, ten idioms were identified with three labels, while the majority of label combinations consist of two labels. The significance of the findings lies in the issues related to multiple labels, combinations of labels expressing different types of diasystematic information and other issues related to labelling in general. The inclusion of diasystematic information largely depends on the type of dictionary and its intended users. This is especially true of dictionaries intended for non-native speakers of a language, where one of the main functions is to promote the active use of a foreign language, and where every single piece of information included in the dictionary counts. Keywords: phraseological dictionary; diasystematic information; labels; connotation; dictionary users

Highlights

  • Phraseological units are used in a wide variety of situations and contexts

  • This study examines multiple labelling in a British phraseological dictionary, i.e., Oxford Idioms Dictionary for Learners of English

  • The labels appearing in combinations belong to very different groups according to the classification of diasystematic information

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Summary

Introduction

Phraseological units are used in a wide variety of situations and contexts. They are typical of spoken language but can be encountered in written language, especially in literary texts and in journalism. Connotation is one of the crucial features of the stylistic properties of phraseological units. 274-275) stresses that texts should be explored in detail in terms of genre and intertextuality as well as in relation to other choices of lexis if we want to examine the stylistics of phraseological units. Among the connotations most frequently encountered in phraseological units, Gläser 129) enumerates expressive connotations (derogatory, taboo, euphemistic, humorous), stylistic connotations (informal, slang, formal, literary, archaic, foreign) and register markers (astronomy, economics, judicial, medical) Among the connotations most frequently encountered in phraseological units, Gläser (1998, p. 129) enumerates expressive connotations (derogatory, taboo, euphemistic, humorous), stylistic connotations (informal, slang, formal, literary, archaic, foreign) and register markers (astronomy, economics, judicial, medical) (cf. Fiedler 2007, pp. 24-25, Philip 2011, pp. 67– 68, Cowie et al 1983, pp. 39-40). Fiedler (2007, p. 23) agrees that phraseological units are used by a speaker/writer to make the text more expressive, since they are used to express evaluations of people or events, to attract attention, illustrate facts or organise texts

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