Abstract
Even though aluminium is not considered to be a heavy metal like lead, silver, arsenic and cadmium, it can be toxic when taken in excessive amounts and even in small amounts if deposited in the brain. Glutathione, a major antioxidant in the cells, so its depletion weakens the tissue resistance to oxidant. Glutathione is the sulfhydryl (-SH) antioxidant, antitoxin and enzyme cofactor which plays an important role in aluminum detoxification. The present study was designed to investigate the extent of changes in glutathione level by inorganic and organic alumni metal. Biocordination of aluminum acetylacetonate and aluminum sulphate with glutathione in T-cells and b-cells of lymphocytes have been described using Ellman’s method. The decline of glutathione level is due to increased aluminum concentration and time of incubation. The decline of glutathione level was consistent with increasing pH, while at physiological temperature, the drop was more significant. Our study indicates that changes in glutathione level produced by aluminium could be due to conjugate (Al-(SG)3) formation. This change in glutathione level endowed with information regarding mechanism of toxicity of aluminium inorganic and organic complexes. This study is important for the design of rational antidote for the prevention of aluminium toxicity. Key words: Glutathione (GSH), aluminium sulphate Al2(SO4)3, aluminium acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) , T-cells, B-cells.
Highlights
Motivations for controlling heavy metal concentrations in gas streams are diverse
Some of them are dangerous to health or to the environment, some may cause corrosion, some are harmful in other ways (Michael, 2011)
Some of these elements are necessary for humans in minute amounts while others are carcinogenic or toxic, affecting among others, the central nervous system, the kidneys or liver or skin, bones, or teeth and medical usage, heavy metals are loosely defined (Ron and Kilpinen, 2001) and include all toxic metals irrespective of their atomic weight: "heavy metal poisoning"
Summary
Some of them are dangerous to health or to the environment (for example, mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium), some may cause corrosion (for example, zinc, lead), some are harmful in other ways (for example, arsenic may pollute catalysts) (Michael, 2011) Some of these elements are necessary for humans in minute amounts (cobalt, copper, chromium, manganese, nickel) while others are carcinogenic or toxic, affecting among others, the central nervous system (manganese, mercury, lead, arsenic), the kidneys or liver (mercury, lead, cadmium, copper) or skin, bones, or teeth (nickel, cadmium, copper, chromium) and medical usage, heavy metals are loosely defined (Ron and Kilpinen, 2001) and include all toxic metals irrespective of their atomic weight: "heavy metal poisoning". Aluminum causes an oxidative stress within brain tissue (Drago et al, 2008) since the elimination half-life of aluminum from the human brain is 7 years This can result in cumulative damage via the element's interference with neurofilament axonal transport and neurofilament assembly. Some experts believe it plays a role in leading to the formation of Alzheimer-like neurofibrillary tangles
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