Abstract
Five cultivars of Musa spp (banana and plantain); ‘Berangan Intan’, ‘Berangan’ (AAA), ‘Rastali’, ‘Nangka’ (AAB) and ‘Baka Baling’ (ABB) were chosen to compare the effect of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on multiplication efficiency in relation with frequency of abnormal shoot regeneration. Shoot tips of Musa spp. were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations (0.0, 11.1, 22.2, 33.3 and 44.4 iM) of BAP and (0.0, 0.5, 2, 5 and 7.5 iM) of TDZ. Increasing BAP above 22.2 iM and 33.3 iM increased the number of shoots in ‘Berangan Intan’, ‘Berangan’, ‘Rastali’, ‘Nangka’ and ‘Baka Baling’ respectively, but above 33.3 iM significantly caused higher gross of abnormal shoot regeneration. TDZ in the media up to 2 iM for ‘Baka Baling’, ‘Nangka’ and ‘Rastali’ and 5 iM for ‘Berangan Intan’ and ‘Berangan’ increased the number of shoots per explant, however TDZ at 5 iM resulted in high number of abnormal shoots. In conclusion BAP at 22.2 iM and TDZ at 2 iM were assumed to be the most suitable for commercial micropropagation system with low frequency of abnormal shoot production for both banana and plantain.
Highlights
Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) are the most important fruit as a staple food source for about 400 million people in developing countries, with a annual world production of around 70.6 million tons in 2004 (Kotecha and Desai, 1995; Ray, 2002; Pua, 2007)
The results indicated that the number of shoots significantly increased with increasing concentration of BAP up to 33.3 μM for ‘Baka Baling’ and ‘Nangka’ and up to 22.2 μM for ‘Berangan Intan’, ‘Berangan’ and ‘Rastali’ (Figure 1)
Results indicated that BAP at 33.3 μM significantly caused higher abnormality index than 22.2 μM in ‘Berangan Intan’, ‘Berangan’, ‘Rastali’ and ‘Baka Baling’, in ‘Nangka’ there was no significant difference in abnormality index between 22.2 and 33.3 μM BAP (Figure 3), with increasing in concentration of BAP up to 44.4 μM shoot regeneration was decreased and the highest gross of abnormality was observed (Figures 1 and 3)
Summary
Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) are the most important fruit as a staple food source for about 400 million people in developing countries, with a annual world production of around 70.6 million tons in 2004 (Kotecha and Desai, 1995; Ray, 2002; Pua, 2007). In vitro regeneration in banana can be achieved through shoot tip culture as a direct organogenesis (Swamy et al, 1982; Vuylsteke, 1998; Kulkarni et al, 2007). The shoot apices are used as the source materials for the establishment of in vitro shoot tip culture (Kulkarni et al, 2007). Lee (2001) tested the effect of TDZ in the multiplication of adventitious buds in the banana cultivars by adding TDZ at 0.01 to 9.1 μM. Gubbuk and Pekmezci (2004) used banana cultivars to study the effects of different cytokinins on shoot It was concluded that TDZ at 0.91 μM induced the largest number of shoots, but at higher concentration of TDZ (9.1 μM), elongation of shoots was inhibited and clumps of small globular buds appeared at the base of shoots. Gubbuk and Pekmezci (2004) used banana cultivars to study the effects of different cytokinins on shoot
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