Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antifebrile and anti-inflammatory effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD). The rabbits received intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after orally administered with HLJDD and the rectal temperatures of rabbits were monitored. The concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum were assayed using rabbit IL-1β and TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and the anti-inflammatory effects of HLJDD were also explored. HLJDD treatment group resulted in a significant fall in body temperature in biphasic fever peak (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between HLJDD treatment group and Ibuprofen (IBR) treatment group in biphasic fever peak at time 1 and 3 h (p > 0.05). HLJDD treatment group reduced the concentrations of IL-1β in serum at time 1 and 3 h to control febrile responses. Moreover, paw edema of carrageenan-treated rats were significantly attenuated in rats pretreated with HLJDD. Mechanistic studies showed that HLJDD effectively decreased expressions of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins. These results suggested that HLJDD would be a valuable candidate for further investigation as a new anti-arthritic drug. Key words: Lipopolysaccharide, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD), anti-inflammatory, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Highlights
Infection and inflammation result in a number of metabolic changes that are often characterized by negative energy balance, increased thermogenesis and anorexia (Johnson et al, 1998)
Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) treatment group resulted in a significant fall in body temperature in both peaks (p < 0.05), and treatment with ibuprofen attenuated both peaks of the fever (p < 0.05)
In order to discuss the mechanism of HLJDD in reducing the first peak of the body temperature in LPS induced fever, the concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured at time 1 h, and the results showed that the level of IL-1β had significant differences between Control and LPS groups (p < 0.05)
Summary
Infection and inflammation result in a number of metabolic changes that are often characterized by negative energy balance, increased thermogenesis and anorexia (Johnson et al, 1998) In experimental animals, these changes can be induced by exposure to the bacterial cell wall product lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suppresses appetite and triggers a number of other behavioral responses including sleepy, general malaise and fever as part of the brain-coordinated host defensive mechanisms. These changes can be induced by exposure to the bacterial cell wall product lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suppresses appetite and triggers a number of other behavioral responses including sleepy, general malaise and fever as part of the brain-coordinated host defensive mechanisms These responses are mediated by cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) (Dinarello et al, 1987) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and are the most likely candidates for endogenous pyrogen. Alternative agents with less severe side effects are required, and botanical products are important candidates
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