Abstract
The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent for its ability to remove haloacetic acids (HAAs) from drinking water by batch and column experiments. Various thermodynamic parameters such as ∆Gº, ∆Hº and ∆Sº have been calculated. The thermodynamics of HAAs onto GAC system indicates spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. The ability of GAC to adsorb HAAs in a fixed bed column was investigated as well. The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and inlet HAAs concentration on the sorption characteristics of GAC was investigated. The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of HAAs related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates and different inlet HAAs concentrations for adsorbent. The data confirmed that the total amount of sorbed HAAs and equilibrium HAAs uptake decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing inlet HAA5 concentration. The Adams–Bohart model was used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. Key words: Adams–Bohart model, adsorption, fixed bed column, granular activated carbon, haloacetic acid removal, breakthrough curve.
Highlights
Chlorination is the most common disinfection method of drinking water
At 25°C for a HAA5 concentration of 100 μg l-1 after an 80 h of sorption time, while HAA5 concentration was measured as 9.9 μg l-1, for 15°C HAA5 concentrations was measured as 8.6 μg l-1
The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used in the analysis of the adsorption results and the data for adsorption of HAA5 on activated carbon are fitted to these Isotherm models (Dursun, 2005)
Summary
Chlorination is the most common disinfection method of drinking water. It is an effective way to kill many kinds of bacteria and other germs that may be harmful to one’s Health. Haloacetic acids are formed when chlorine reacts with bromide (Br-) and natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters (Singer, 1995, 1999; Nikolaou, 2002). Over long periods of time, exposure to levels of HAAs at or above the maximum contaminant level can cause injury to brain, breast, nerves, liver, kidneys, eyes and reproductive systems (Ronald, 2007). Those HAA5 of most concern have carcinogenic, reproductive and developmental effects on the basis of current knowledge, a number of CBPs (chlorination-by-products) have been regulated by EPA (1998), WHO (2004) and European Union (2008)
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