English

Hossein Pirnajmuddin,Rosa Ghaeli

doi:10.17576/3l-2016-2202-05

Abstract

One of the concerns of Cognitive Poetic critics has been with the issue of how literary authors make meaning by means of metaphor. Building on the Cognitive Linguistic theories of metaphor, the field of Cognitive Poetics has been concerned, among its many diverse areas, with the studying of metaphor in literary texts. Proposing the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), cognitive linguists George Lakoff and Mark Johnson argued in Metaphors We Live By that our conceptual system is metaphorically shaped. In addition, they claimed that the metaphoric linguistic expressions are the manifestation of the fundamental conceptual metaphors forming individuals' cognitions. Conceptual metaphors were defined as the underlying structures of these expressions by means of which people comprehend intangible concepts through more tangible ones. Using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the present essay explores the conceptual metaphor of LIFE IS A PLAY in David Mamet's Sexual Perversity in Chicago and Glengarry Glen Ross. In these plays, Mamet depicts a world in which performance, in its theatrical sense, becomes the characters' survival strategy and a manner of living. As one of the most influential playwrights of his time, Mamet has always been concerned with the issues which most afflict America. He finds the ills of his society manifested in the relation among people. An attempt is made to explain the ways in which life-as-play finds expression both linguistically and thematically in the different contexts of these works. Keywords: cognitive poetics; metaphor; conceptual metaphor ;David Mamet; Sexual Perversity in Chicago; Glengarry Glen Ross DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2016-2202-05

Highlights

What cognitive science has contributed to the study of metaphor over the years is invaluable
As Peter Stockwell (2002) asserts in his book Cognitive Poetics, “cognitive science is responsible for placing metaphor at the centre of language and thought in general” (p. 105)
Lakoff and Turner (1989) assert that “in the LIFE IS A PLAY metaphor, the person leading a life corresponds to an actor, the people with whom he interacts are fellow actors, his behavior is the way he is acting...” (p. 21). As it was already mentioned, the works of David Mamet abound with people who lead their lives through performances as their cognition is shaped through the conceptual metaphor that defines living in a society as performing a role

Summary

INTRODUCTION

What cognitive science has contributed to the study of metaphor over the years is invaluable. As it was already mentioned, the works of David Mamet abound with people who lead their lives through performances as their cognition is shaped through the conceptual metaphor that defines living in a society as performing a role. The two sections that follow first trace the linguistic manifestations of these conceptual metaphors within the text of the play and relate the discussion into their implied presence in the behavior of its characters in two very different contexts of these plays: one which involves intimate relations and the other which concerns business In his introduction to a collection of essays on David Mamet, Harold Bloom (2004) states that Sexual Perversity is among the “very few contemporary dramas of authentic eminence” that depresses him quite immensely

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CONCLUSION