Abstract
The aim of our study was to isolate the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) mRNA from Phoenix dactifera, and examine the molecular evolutionary history of this nuclear gene with others ADH genes from palms and other plants species. The DnADH gene has been isolated in silico by BLAST2GO from a cDNA library of date palm cv Deglet Nour. The prediction of candidate’s mRNA and protein for ADH gene from khalas were performed in silico from whole genome shotgun sequence (ACYX02009373.1) using FGENESH prediction program. Nucleotide polymorphism using DnaSPv5 was examined in four palm ADH mRNA sequences across the entire 1.098 kb length of ADH mRNA. A primary conclusion of the present study is that nucleotide diversity for ADH between palm species is very low. In order to assess selective pressure, we calculated the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions. We conclude that ADH palms genes appear to be under very different selective constraints. Phylogenetic analyses using PHYLIP and Notung 2.8 programs suggest that ADH genes of some plants species resulted from relatively ancient duplication events. In this study, we present for the first time a molecular characterization of ADH protein of P. dactylifera L cv Deglet nour and a phylogeny analysis between plants ADH. Keys word: Alcohol dehydrogenase, palms species, evolution, duplication.
Highlights
Sequencing of date palm genome and cDNA or expressed sequence tags (EST) using generation sequencing provides a rapid method for gene discovery and can be used to identify transcripts associated with specific biological processes (Al-Mssallem et al, 2013)
It is likely that each of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in the palms that were identified in the present study would have been subjected to different selective pressures over a long period
The Adh genes in the date palm that were identified and analysed in the present study would have been subjected to different selective pressures over a long period
Summary
The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes encode a glycolytic enzyme and have been characterized at the molecular level in a wide range of flowering plants (Clegg et al, 1997; Miyashita et al, 2001), California fan Palm (Washingtonia robusta) (Morton et al, 1996) and Oil palm. The ADH genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (Innan et al, 1996), Arabidopsis gemmifera (Miyashita et al, 2013) and Leavenwortia (Charlesworth et al, 1998) in Brassicaceae, cottons (Small et al, 2000), and grasses (Gaut et al, 1996; Gaut et al, 1999) have been subjected to molecular evolutionary studies. The broader evolutionary histories of the ADH genes in the angiosperms remain unclear since few studies have investigated the evolution of the ADH genes in a wide range of angiosperms (Strommer, 2011)
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