Abstract
Nowadays, there is a high prevalence of periodontal disease worldwide, and knowing the etiology is basic for its control. Biofilms that colonize the oral cavity are among the most complex of nature. Besides pathogenic microorganisms, genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of this disease. Periodontal disease can be increased by several risk factors such as smoking, systemic diseases, medications such as steroids, antiepileptics, drugs for cancer therapy, poor placement of dental bridges, dental crowding, lack of teeth, pregnancy and contraceptive use. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of periodontal disease, as well as the microbiology aspects of this worldwide prevalent oral infection. Key words: Periodontal disease, oral microbiology, periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontal disease and dental caries are the most prevalent infections affecting the human dentition (Brown et al, 1996)
There is a high prevalence of periodontal disease worldwide, and knowing the etiology is basic for its control
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of periodontal disease, as well as the microbiology aspects of this worldwide prevalent oral infection
Summary
Periodontal disease and dental caries are the most prevalent infections affecting the human dentition (Brown et al, 1996). Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by persistent inflammation, connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction (Yamamoto et al, 2011).The term periodontal disease refers to gingivitis and periodontitis as well. Gingivitis is a reversible dental plaque induced inflammation of the gingiva, is a common occurrence in children as young as 5 years old. Several studies have indicated that this is not just an adult disease, and appears frequently in children (Escudero et al, 2008)
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