Abstract
Runner cultivars are widely demanded by peanut farmers because of their high oil and grain productions. As those are late cycles, the management is limited in environments with water restriction. For improvement of runner genotypes to these environments is necessary to identify genotypes adapted and the knowledge of genetic divergence is quite relevant to assist the breeding procedures. In this work, ten morphological and agronomic traits were measured on 13 runner peanut genotypes grown in sandy loam textured soils during the rainy season in three environments on Brazilian Northeast region. These measurements included harvest index (%), main stem height (cm), 100 seed weight, 100 pod weight, pod length (mm), number of pod/plant, blooming (days after emergence, dae), number of seed/plant, physiological maturation of pods (dae) and oil content in seeds (%). The genetic divergence of genotypes was estimated by multivariate methods. Data set was analyzed by canonical variable (CV) in combination with UPGMA-clustering analyses. The statistical analysis was performed using the GENES program. We found that the first two CV were significant and accounted for 82.13% of the total variation. Three groups were clearly formed, separated by earliness and pod production. This arrangement was further attested by the dendrogram generated by UPGMA. The CV indicated that physiological maturation of pods, main stem height, number of pods/plant and 100 seed weight were the most differentiating traits among the genotypes. These two last allowed high magnitude associations and were contributive to selection procedures in improvement works. We provide indications of the best genotypes with potential to generate robust progenies, in a peanut breeding program. Key words: Arachis hypogea L., canonical variables, traits associations, breeding.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an oilseed crop grown in many countries and is stands out commercially due to high value of grains, indicated to both food and oil markets
The canonical variable (CV) indicated that physiological maturation of pods, main stem height, number of pods/plant and 100 seed weight were the most differentiating traits among the genotypes
We provide indications of the best genotypes with potential to generate robust progenies, in a peanut breeding program
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an oilseed crop grown in many countries and is stands out commercially due to high value of grains, indicated to both food and oil markets. All traits are considered simultaneously in the differentiation of populations, resulting in a more reliable comparison of germplasm These methods are more suitable for assessing genetic divergence because it allow a more holistic interpretation of data, once consider the potential of the random trait sets, setting them at the same level of importance (Cruz and Regazzi, 2014). HierarchicalUPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) is widely adopted, which classifies similar individuals by clustering, based on similarity index (Bassab et al, 1990; Cruz and Regazzi, 2014) This method is based on genetic distances and has been considered an efficient estimator of phylogenetic linkages (Nei et al, 1983). In this work we used UPGMA and CV analyses in order to assessing the genetic divergence in runner peanut genotypes grown in the Brazilian Northeast environments
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