Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of Cissusmultistriata were investigated against 8 bacterial and 2 fungal test organisms, using the tube dilution and agar ditch diffusion methods. Aqueous leaf extract had no activity against both the bacterial and fungal test organisms. Both the methanol and chloroform leaf extracts inhibited all the test organisms with chloroform leaf extract showing the highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (diameter 25 mm) and least against Staphylococcus aureus (diameter 13 mm). The methanol leaf extract was least inhibitory against Salmonella typhi (diameter 8 mm) and most inhibitory against S. aureus (diameter 15 mm). The methanol leaf extract of C. multistriata show more antifungal activity compared with chloroform leaf extract, with Candida albicans being more susceptible than Aspergillus niger to both methanol and chloroform leaf extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol leaf extract show least activity against Yersinia enterocolitica andPseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 100 mg/ml) and higher activity of MIC at 50 mg/ml against the other bacterial test organisms. The chloroform leaf extract MIC of 100 mg/ml had least activity against Proteus mirabilis and P. aeruginosa and MIC of 20 mg/ml most inhibitory against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and S. typhi. The antimicrobial activity of the heated extracts persisted after exposure to various temperatures between 30oC to 121oC for 15 to 30 min. However, the extract activity decreased as the temperature increased. The killing rate of the MBC of chloroform extract on E. coli was 1 cfu/3 min while on S. typhi was 1 cfu/3.8 min. Key words: Cissus multistriata, antimicrobial, extract, inhibition, susceptible.
Highlights
IntroductionOver the years there has been an incessant and alarming report of drug resistance in medically important strains of susceptible bacteria and fungi (CDC, 1995)
Over the years there has been an incessant and alarming report of drug resistance in medically important strains of susceptible bacteria and fungi (CDC, 1995). This rapid emergence of resistant strains among susceptible pathogens coupled with the fact that many of the present day antibiotics in use are fast losing their potency are some of the reasons for the unabated search for effective and affordable antimicrobial drugs from local medicinal plants which could provide a source of new possible antimicrobial drugs (Egah et al, 1999)
The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts were determined by the agar ditch - diffusion method (Collins and Lyne, 1979; Baron and Finegold, 1999; Conz et al, 1999)
Summary
Over the years there has been an incessant and alarming report of drug resistance in medically important strains of susceptible bacteria and fungi (CDC, 1995) This rapid emergence of resistant strains among susceptible pathogens coupled with the fact that many of the present day antibiotics in use are fast losing their potency are some of the reasons for the unabated search for effective and affordable antimicrobial drugs from local medicinal plants which could provide a source of new possible antimicrobial drugs (Egah et al, 1999). As part of the unabated search for antimicrobial drugs and in view of the fact that there are still plants whose medicinal uses have not been ascertained, this study was carried out on Cissus multistriata to establish its antimicrobial activity It is a plant of choice because of its traditional use for treatment of Kwashiorkor, Marasmus and other ailments in children among Ibaji herbal healer in
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