Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts of Kellem Wollega Zone of Oromia Regional State, West Ethiopia between November, 2011 to March, 2012 with the objectives of determining the seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and assessing the potential risk factors associated with the disease. Antibodies against non-structural protein of FMD virus using 3ABC ELISA was measured as an indicator of exposure to the virus. From the total 384 sera tested, the overall seroprevalence of FMD in Kellem Wollega Zone was found to be 21.4% (95% CI: 17.23 - 25.47). The highest seroprevalence was observed at Sayo 31.53% (9%%CI: 22.82 to 40.24) followed by Lalo Kile district 19.01% (12.51 - 25.51) and Dale Sadi district 15.26% (9.06 - 21.46). The seroprevalence of FMD in different age groups was 24.22% (95% CI: 18.62, 29.83), 16.51% (95% CI: 9.48, 23.53) and 18.75% (95% CI: 7.55, 29.94) in group of cattle aged greater than 4 years, between 2 to 4 years and less than 2 years, respectively. Higher seroprevalence observed in female 27.17% (95%CI: 20.89 - 33.45) than male 15.34% (10.17, 20.51). Seropositivity was significantly varied with sex and district of cattle (P < 0.05). The odds of being seropositive for female cattle was observed to be 2.05 times of the male cattle (OR; 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.43) and Cattle from Sayo district had significantly higher seroprevalence than dale sadi cattle (OR; 2.58, 95% CI: 1.37 - 4.87). In conclusion, the result of this study showed that FMD is an important cattle disease in the study area necessitating further investigation and characterization of the circulating virus serotype to apply effective control and prevention measures. Key words: Seroprevalence, foot and mouth disease (FMD), Kellem Wollega, 3ABC ELISA.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-footed animals and is one of the most important economic diseases of livestock by fever
Of the seven Foot and mouth disease (FMD) serotypes were identified in Ethiopia
The objectives of the present study were to estimate the seroprevalence of FMD and to assess the risk factors associated with the disease in the study area
Summary
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-footed animals and is one of the most important economic diseases of livestock by fever. Of the seven FMD serotypes were identified in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, FMD is endemic widely distributed and frequently noted in different farming system and agroecological zones of the country. Regardless of its huge economic importance, FMD occurrence and risk factors associated with the disease was not substantially investigated throughout. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the seroprevalence of FMD and to assess the risk factors associated with the disease in the study area. The annual minimum and maximum air temperature is 18 to 38°C, respectively It borders with the Sudan in the west, Beneshangul. A total 384 serum samples from cattle were collected to determine the prevalence of FMD in the study area
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