Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) among sedentary cattle in northern Plateau, Nigeria

Babasola Oluseyi Olugasa,David Dazhia Lazarus,Hussaini Gulak Ularamu,Ishola Olayinka Olabisi,Yiltawe Simwal Wungak

doi:10.3329/ajmbr.v1i2.25607

Babasola Oluseyi Olugasa, David Dazhia Lazarus + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i2.25607

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Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and identifying the potential risk factors associated with the disease among sedentary cattle in northern part of Plateau state, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy cattle aged from 6 months to ?3 years old were randomly selected and identified and whole blood collected from the jugular vein using plain evacuated tubes. Whole blood was processed and separated and sera were screened for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D non-structural proteins using blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 55.9% (95%CI: 49.96-61.77) FMD seroprevalence was obtained from the study area. Seroprevalence was highest in Riyom (82.5%), followed by Barkin Ladi (66.2%), Jos South (55.5%) and Bassa (41.2%) (x2 = 17.21, P<0.05). Risk factors for age, management system and location were significant associated (P<0.05) with seroprevalence of FMD. However, there was no significant association with sex (P>0.05). The prevalence odd ratio of FMD was more in Riyom than in Jos South, Barkin Ladi and Bassa (P<0.05). Prevalence odd ratio of FMD was more in extensively managed system relative to intensively managed system, more in adult cattle aged >2 years old. This study has indicated that FMD is an important disease among sedentary cattle in Northern Plateau, however little is currently known about the economic impact of the disease on the local farmers and their livelihoods. As a control measure, efforts should be improved on animal movement during outbreaks while prophylactic control using vaccination should be considered as another option using vaccines containing virus representative of the region.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 169-174

Highlights

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an important Transboundary animal disease (TAD) of economic importance to the livestock industry caused by a virus of the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae
Based on cattle management systems, seroprevalence was highest in extensive management system 63.59% (56.85-69.95) than intensive husbandry system
In a similar study in Plateau a seroprevalence of 29% was reported in cattle which signify that FMD is an important disease in this region (Ehizibolo et al, 2014)

Summary

Introduction

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an important Transboundary animal disease (TAD) of economic importance to the livestock industry caused by a virus of the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae. There are seven distinct serotypes of the virus namely: A, O, C, SAT-1, SAT-2 SAT-3 and Asia 1. Infection with one serotype has been demonstrated not confer immune protection against another. The disease is characterized by high fever, loss of appetite, salivation and vesicular eruptions on the feet, mouth and teats of lactating cows (Thomson, 1994). Morbidity is usually high in infected herds with rare mortality among adult animals. Recovered animals remain in poor physical condition over a long period of time leading to economic losses for the livestock industries (Sangare, 2002)

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