Abstract
Rubber seeds from a Nigerian hybrid rubber tree were dried in an oven at 110°C for 2 h to 7 wt% moisture content and cold-screw pressed at 30°C to obtain an oil yield of 28 wt%. Chemical compositional, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted on the oil sample extracts. Chemical analysis of the oil indicated iodine value of 136.07 g I2/100 g oil, peroxide value of 9.45 O2/kg oil, saponification value of 189.5 mg KOH/g oil, and confirms its suitability for applications, such as biodiesel production, oleochemicals synthesis, polyurethane composites and water-reducible alkyd resins, pharmaceutical products, plasticizers, adhesives, and surfactants. Rubber seed oil is a promising substitute to linseed oil as semi-drying oil for oily paint formulation. 1H NMR analysis revealed that the fatty acid compositions consist of linoleic acid (34.22 wt%), oleic acid (28.6 wt%), linolenic acid (18.6 wt%), and saturated fatty acids (18.57 wt%). FTIR analysis indicated fingerprint regions of 1461 to 585 cm-1 which can be used to check adulteration of the oil. The NMR spectra (1H and 13C) of the oil are similar to those of other vegetable oils with well-identified peaks and regions that can be used to authenticate the quality of the oil. Key words: Rubber seed oil, characterization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), quality assessment, technical applications.
Highlights
Edible vegetable oils have several food applications and they are increasingly being used for other purposes such as resinous pigments and drying oils in paints and coatings production (Aigbodion and Bakare, 2005)
Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of rubber seed oil Results obtained from oil FTIR and NMR analysis are geared towards providing an insight into the fatty acid structural configuration and, compositions that enables easy evaluation of its potential applications by entrepreneurs
Rubber seed oil was mechanically extracted from the seeds of Nigerian hybrid rubber trees with oil yield of 28 wt%
Summary
Edible vegetable oils have several food applications and they are increasingly being used for other purposes such as resinous pigments and drying oils in paints and coatings production (Aigbodion and Bakare, 2005). Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) is a non-destructive technique reported for use in the analysis of free fatty acids and to monitor oil quality to check adulteration (Valente et al, 2016) through the identification of the functional groups present in the sample (Bohre, 2013). The extracted oil physico-chemical properties were determined by using standard methods described elsewhere (Onoji et al, 2016), while FTIR and NMR spectroscopy were deployed to determine oil functional groups and fatty acids, respectively.
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