Abstract
This study aims at investigating the phytochemical analysis or to analyze the secondary metaboliotes of Phyllanthus niruri L. plants from four collection sites which University of Kinshasa (Unikin), National Pedagogic University of Kinshasa (UPN), Kimwenza (Kim) and Kisantu (Kis) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study should give an explanation about the change of antiplasmodial activity of the same plant depending on the location of harvest. The samples of P. niruri were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for secondary metabolites characterizations such as of flavonoids, saponins and steroidal sapogenins and others phenolic compounds. The results revealed that UPN location presented more peaks (22) than Unikin (20), Kimwenza (15) and Kisantu (12). But Unikin location revealed more peaks (7) corresponding to major compounds than samples from others locations (UPN: 5; Kimwenza: 2 and Kisantu: 4). The peak 1 of UPN is higher (13.73) comparing to all peaks samples. The yellow-colored spots were present at all samples but those of UPN were more accentuated than all. In Kimwenza samples, two others colored spots (violet and blue) were presented. It suggested that in vitroantiplasmodial activity would be based on compounds eluted probably at the retention time around 22 min. Sometime the compounds eluted at 4.28 and 7.8 min contribute to in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The results revealed again the presence of the saponins or the steroidal sapogenins in P. niruri, made for the characterization by HPLC or by TLC probables flavonoids and presence of steroidal sapogenins. Key words: Thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Phyllanthus niruri, callus.
Highlights
Plants have been used in traditional medicine since a long time
In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), among the species used in the treatment against malaria, Phyllanthus niruri is well positioned for different previous studies on this plant (Pauwels, 1993; Tona et al, 1999; Cimanga et al, 2004)
The purpose of this study is to characterize the major chemical groups by (Thin layer chromatography (TLC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the aerial parts, roots and calli of P. niruri from the four areas of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and, so as to give an explanation of the difference on the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of P. niruri obtained by Soh et al (2009) according to the geographical distribution and to suggest a study chase on phenolic constituents and steroidal sapogenins respon-sibles for antiplasmodial activity in P. niruri plant
Summary
Plants have been used in traditional medicine since a long time. About 13,000 plant species have been used as drugs throughout the world, and approximately 25% of the current materia medica are derived from plants inAfr. Traditional medicine using plant extracts continues to provide health coverage for over 80% of the world's population, especially in the developing world (Igbinosa et al, 2009). In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), among the species used in the treatment against malaria, Phyllanthus niruri is well positioned for different previous studies on this plant (Pauwels, 1993; Tona et al, 1999; Cimanga et al, 2004). P. niruri is one of the most important medicinal plants used in different regions in the world for the treatment of various diseases such as jaundice, asthma, hepatitis, flu, dropsy, diabetes, fever causing by malaria (Kerharo and Adam, 1974; Ishimari et al, 1999; Paranjape, 2001) but its availability is drastically decreasing because of numerous harvests
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