In vitro antiplasmodial activity of extracts and fractions from seven medicinal plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of seven EtOH extracts and twenty fractions from the partition of the initial ethanolic extracts from seven African medicinal plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) for the treatment of malaria was evaluated. The most active EtOH extracts (IC 50<3 μg/ml) were those from Cassia occidentalis leaves, Euphorbia hirta whole plant, Garcinia kola stem bark and Phyllanthus niruri whole plant. Their respective petroleum ether soluble fractions also exhibited an antiplasmodial activity with IC 50<3 μg/ml. EtOH extracts from Vernonia amygdalina leaves (5<IC 50<10 μg/ml), Tetracera poggei leaves (10<IC 50<50 μg/ml) and Morinda morindoides leaves (50<IC 50<100 μg/ml) were less active, but their petroleum ether fractions exhibited a pronounced antiplasmodial activity (IC 50<3 μg/ml). The same observation could also be made for the petroleum ether fraction from Cassia occidentalis, Euphorbia hirta, Garcinia kola and Phyllanthus niruri. Isoamyl alcohol fractions from Euphorbia hirta, Phyllanthus niruri and Vernonia amygdalina showed IC 50 values less than 3 μg/ml, and from Cassia occidentalis, Garcinia kola, Morinda morindoides and Tetracera poggei between 10 and 50 μg/ml. The observed antiplasmodial activity may be related to the presence of terpenes, steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, xanthones and anthraquinones.