Abstract
Squid ink polysaccharides (SIPS) were isolated from squid ink, a plentiful and multifunctional marine material, and were demonstrated to have amelioratory effects on cyclophosphamide-induced damage in internal organs of model animals by our previous reports. To further investigate the protective effects of SIPS on chemotherapeutic damage caused by cyclophosphamide, this paper evaluated the bioactivities of the marine polysaccharides with a view to their antioxidant ability and their protective effects on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage using tests such as hydroxyl radicals, reducing power assay and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and pEGFP-N1 plasmid DNA treated with ultra violet (UV) plus H2O2. Data revealed that SIPS not only quenched hydroxyl radicals and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, but showed its strong reducing power and also suppressed oxidative scission on plasmid DNA strand caused by hydroxyl radicals which originated from H2O2shown by UV. Key words: Squid ink polysaccharides (SIPS), antioxidant ability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage.
Highlights
It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in cells may induce oxidative damage to various biomacromolecules in cells, such as polysaccharide, protein, lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid, which results in metabolic and functional disturbance in cells and in turn leads to various pathological changes, for example aging and cancer, two major problems for human originated from ROS induced oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (Cerutti, 1994; Wiseman and Halliwell, 1996)
Since 1950s, radiation biologists have discovered that ionizing radiation acting on organism can lead water to produce reactive oxygen species which in turn result in damage of biomacromolecules, but regretfully considered the phenomenon as an instantaneous reaction all the time
Until 1968 superoxide dismutase and its derivatives functioning on scavenging ROS was found, it was realized that ROS is constantly being created and scavenged in organism which mediates ROS to normal level of free radical homeostasis (Fang et al, 2004)
Summary
It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in cells may induce oxidative damage to various biomacromolecules in cells, such as polysaccharide, protein, lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid, which results in metabolic and functional disturbance in cells and in turn leads to various pathological changes, for example aging and cancer, two major problems for human originated from ROS induced oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (Cerutti, 1994; Wiseman and Halliwell, 1996). Quenching ROS in cells must be an effective way to prevent ROS-mediated oxidative damage induced by cellular metabolism and exogenous agents, especially some oxidative drugs such as cyclophosphamide, a most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, which is used in the treatment of some connective tissue and autoimmune diseases, minimal lesion glomerulonephritis, and for the control of organ rejection after transplatation (Emadi et al, 2009). Development and application of natural antioxidants would be helpful to impair oxidative damage induced by cyclophosphamide and in turn improve the therapeutic effect of the chemotherapeutic agent on tumor. The results should be beneficial to further elaborate the protective effects of SIPS on chemotherapeutic damage induced by cyclophosphamide, and improving the development of natural marine cytoprotectant as well as its clinical application for treatment on tumor
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