Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between Phaseolus vulgaris landraces and to determine their adaptation to local climatic conditions to enrich the genetic diversity of the collection of the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Sadovo with original plant material better adapted to current climatic changes. The study was performed in four different geographical regions of Bulgaria (Troyan, Smilyan, Velingrad and Sadovo) with six traditional P. vulgaris landraces. It was demonstrated that genotype was a more dominant influence on morphological characteristics of landraces than climatic factors or genotype/environment interaction. Differences in the reaction of separate genotypes to fluctuations in meteorological conditions were established based on agro-climatic indices. Tolerance of the studied genotypes to drought was assessed using physiological indices. Accession A9E1270 had the best indices and high adaptability. The influence of meteorological conditions on its growth rate during all interphase periods, even under drought conditions, was insignificant, and its biological specifications had a determining role. A9E1206, A9E1211 and A9E1259 were identified as potential candidates; the quantity of rainfall had a strong influence on their development rate, but they developed more quickly under drought conditions. Key words: Common bean, phenology, morphology, climatic factors, photosynthesis, leaf water potential, drought.
Highlights
Climate change, connected with global warming, was forecast 20 years ago (IPCC, 2007)
The accessions from different trials needed a different number of days after emergence to enter into the phase, the beginning of flowering (BFL) (Table 3 to 5)
The longest period from emergence to beginning of flowering was shown by accessions from the experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR) without irrigation, as follows: Accession A9E1248 (41 days), A9E1188 (38 days), and
Summary
Climate change, connected with global warming, was forecast 20 years ago (IPCC, 2007). It affects all spheres of the economy, agriculture (Schneider et al., 2007). According to Adams et al (1998), the effect of climate change on agricultural yield varies by crop and by region. Climate change includes higher temperatures, changes in precipitation, and higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Increased temperature leads to reduced yields and quality of many crops. Change in precipitation may benefit different areas by increasing soil moisture, while the reduction of rainfall could have the opposite effect.
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