Abstract
The aim of this present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide (SGP) using a mouse model. The roles of regulation of SGP were investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence method and ELISA method. The chemical structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). The results show that SGP promoted the proliferation of spleen cells and regulated the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro . Furthermore, it significantly raised spleen and thymus indices and superoxidase dismutase activity and regulated the cytokine levels of spleen and thymus in mice in vivo . These findings suggest that SGP possesses immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects.
Highlights
IntroductionPolysaccharides, as an important kind of carbohydrates in nature mainly from different plant sources, have been demonstrated to have a variety of chemical and biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, such as anti-tumor (Peng et al, 2005, 2003; Wang et al, 2010), antivirus (Huang et al, 2008), anti-inflammation (Pereira et al, 2000; Silva and Parente, 2001), anticancer (Shi et al, 2007; Umemura et al, 2003), anticoagulant hypoglycemic (Veena et al, 2007) and immunological activities (Shao et al, 2004; Maisuthisakul and Gordon, 2009), which made them possible to be used in many clinical applications.Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle), known as Luo Han Guo in China, a perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae family (Lu An-min, 1986), has been cultivated in Guangxi Province of China as natural sweetener and traditional medicinal herb
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, USA; RPMI-1640 medium was obtained from Gibco Laboratories, USA; fetal calf serum (FCS) was obtained from Hyclone, South America; reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was from PULILAIJIYIN C1300, Beijing, China; IL-1 detecting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and IL-2 detecting ELISA kit were from ADL Co., USA
The splenic cells in different treatment groups were determined by MTT assay (Table 2).The results showed that Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide (SGP) at 12.5 to 200 μg/ml significantly promoted the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes compared with the normal control (P < 0.05 to 0.01)
Summary
Polysaccharides, as an important kind of carbohydrates in nature mainly from different plant sources, have been demonstrated to have a variety of chemical and biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, such as anti-tumor (Peng et al, 2005, 2003; Wang et al, 2010), antivirus (Huang et al, 2008), anti-inflammation (Pereira et al, 2000; Silva and Parente, 2001), anticancer (Shi et al, 2007; Umemura et al, 2003), anticoagulant hypoglycemic (Veena et al, 2007) and immunological activities (Shao et al, 2004; Maisuthisakul and Gordon, 2009), which made them possible to be used in many clinical applications.Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle), known as Luo Han Guo in China, a perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae family (Lu An-min, 1986), has been cultivated in Guangxi Province of China as natural sweetener and traditional medicinal herb. Inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, and was used as a substitute sugar for obese and diabetic patients (Zhang et al, 2006; Song et al, 2006, 2007; Pan et al, 2009). Sugar composition analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide (SGP) was composed primarily of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, Larabiose, L-rhamnose and glycuronic acid (Li et al, 2005,2007). M. grosvenori Swingle extract down regulated inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and by interfering with the activation of PI3K/Akt/IKK and MAPK (Pan et al, 2009)
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