Abstract
Introduction Xenobiotics are neurotoxins that dramatically alter the health of a child. A three-phase efficient mechanism is involved in detoxifying these toxins. Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that result from a combination of genetic or biochemical susceptibilities in the form of a reduced ability to excrete heavy metals and/or increased environmental exposure at early developmental times. This review is an attempt to understand and highlight the impaired detoxification pathways in autistic individuals. Role of glutathione redox imbalance, bacterial toxins, impaired heavy metal detoxification, abnormal levels of metallothionein, thioredoxins, glutaredoxins and peroxiredoxins in the aetiology of autism will be clarified and discussed in detail. Conclusion The sulphur redox-related abnormalities indicate that mercury and lead intoxication was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased detoxification capacity. These mechanisms are circulating with autism-associated abnormal gut microbiota. Understanding these aspects could help in tailoring a combined treatment strategy that could help to reduce the increased prevalence of the disorder. Introduction Detoxification, ‘Detox’, is defined as the capacity to remove any toxic Detoxification mechanisms in autism spectrum disorders
Highlights
Xenobiotics are neurotoxins that dramatically alter the health of a child
Biochemistry Department, College of Science, PO Box 22452, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia substances from the body
Diets of children are different from diets of adult because they often eat a limited variety of foods
Summary
Xenobiotics are neurotoxins that dramatically alter the health of a child. A three-phase efficient mechanism is involved in detoxifying these toxins. Conclusion The sulphur redox-related abnormalities indicate that mercury and lead intoxication was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased detoxification capacity. These mechanisms are circulating with autism-associated abnormal gut microbiota. It is the biochemical process that transforms non-watersoluble toxins and metabolites into water-soluble compounds that can be excreted in urine, sweat, bile or stool. Endogenous toxins are those that are generated internally as end products of metabolism, bacterial byproducts and other complex molecules. Adverse health effects can result from parental exposures before conception, near conception and during pregnancy[1]
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