Abstract
This study aims to determine the malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. P. berghei was injected in mice and left for 3 days for establishment. Blood sample collected and diluted with phosphate buffer saline was used for infection. Five (5) groups of animals (mice) were used in this study each containing 5 animals each. The body weights of the entire animal were recorded before and after treatment. Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (positive control, untreated malaria-passaged mice), Group 3 (standard control, malaria -passaged mice treated with 25 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine), Group 4 (malaria-passaged mice treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of extract), and Group 5 (malaria-passaged mice treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of extract). Hematological assessments were carried out before the experiment, 5 days after infection and after treatment. The percentage of parasite load in malaria passaged mice was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower in animals treated with mid and high doses of the extract when compared to control groups. Before treatment, no significant (p > 0.05) elevation was observed in the body weight of mice. On day 5 after infection, dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) decrease was observed in the test groups. After treatment period, the body weights of the animals exhibited dose-dependent increase. The study thus revealed that Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root extracts possesses antimalarial activity in the in vivo mice model and has the ability of re-establishing the blood cells by boosting and stabilizing the blood parameters. Key words: Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, chloroquine, Plasmodium berghei, malaria and clearance rate.  
Highlights
In 2015, malaria was responsible for 212 million clinical cases, 429,000 deaths globally with most of the deaths estimated to have occurred in the African Region (92%), followed by the South-East Asia Region (6%) and the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2%) (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016)
The present study investigates the malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of C. sanguinolenta in mice infected with Chloroquine sensitive strain of P. berghei by assessing the percent reduction in parasitaemia and changes in haematological parameters
On day 1, 2 and 3 post treatment, significant (p < 0.05) reduction were observed in the parasite of Groups 4 and 5 passaged mice treated with 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively when compared to the parasite of Groups 2 and 3 mice
Summary
In 2015, malaria was responsible for 212 million clinical cases, 429,000 deaths globally with most of the deaths estimated to have occurred in the African Region (92%), followed by the South-East Asia Region (6%) and the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2%) (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). Use of the classical drugs of chloroquine and primaquine in the control of the main causative agents of malaria; P. falciparum and P. vivax, has been exasperated by the resistance of the malarial parasites to these drugs (Olorunniyi and Morenikeji, 2014). This has necessitated the use of “novel” phytomedicines as alternative and effectual antimalarial agents from natural products
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