Abstract
The supply of pipe borne water in Nigeria has over the years become grossly inadequate or totally non-existent. This has led many people to seek alternative sources of water from streams, springs and especially hand-dug wells. This study was carried out to investigate the bacteriological quality of water from hand–dug wells in Ibadan city. This was done by investigating bacterial indicator of water quality in samples collected from 50 hand-dug wells and three bore holes from five different local government areas within Ibadan Municipal city and examined for total coliform and faecal coliform. Water samples from 96% of the wells were found to be contaminated with both total coliform and faecal coliform. The total coliform counts and fecal coliform counts ranged between 0 to 160x103/100 ml and 0 to 22x103/100 ml, respectively. The predominant bacterial isolates include Escherichia coli (38.5%), Klebsiella spp. (16.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) and Enterobacter spp. (9.2%). While antibiotic susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (96.9%), gentamycin (93.6%) and streptomycin (93.3%) was high, it was low in ampicillin (37.8%) and to a lesser extent in Cotrimoxazole(66.7%). 24.1% of the isolates were multidrug resistant with about seven patterns observed. Hand-dug wells in the area of study were highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and this exposes consumers of water drawn from these wells to the risk of contracting various waterborne diseases. Key words: Bacterial pathogens, coliforms, hand dug well, water borne, disease.
Highlights
N has over o the yearrs become g grossly inade equate or tottally nonexistent
This was do one by inves stigating bac cterial indicattor of water quality in samples co ollected from m 50 hand-dug wells and d three bore e holes from m five differe ent local gov vernment areas within Ibadan Mu unicipal city and examined for total coliform and d faecal coliform
Waterr samples from 96% of o the wells were w found to t be contam minated with h both total c coliform and d faecal colifform
Summary
Ibadan is located within the southwestern Nigeria between the coordinate 7° 23′ 47′′ N, 3° 55′ 0′′ E. The capital city of Oyo State and the third largest metropolitan area by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano with a population of over 3 million, Ibadan is the largest metropolitan geographical area located 128 km inland northeast of Lagos and 530 km southwest of Abuja, the federal capital. Dug wells are the main source of water in the study areas. To ensure geographical spread 5 zones based on the five local government areas within Ibadan municipality were selected as sampling areas. The local government areas are Ibadan North; Ibadan North-West; Ibadan North-East; Ibadan. Two methods of raising water from the wells by users were either by rope and bucket or pump (electric or hand-pump)
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