ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGISMS OF WATER TRANSPORT DISCOURSE IN SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPARISON

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify phraseological units of water transport discourse in English and Russian and to compare the sociolinguistic component of these groups of language units. The object of study is phraseological units that have lexemes in their composition, which are the names of water transport infrastructure (sea and river), as well as their parts, details, equipment, functions, people involved in the operation of water transport. The subject of the research is the common and different reasons for the emergence of English and Russian water transport idioms and the peculiarities of their use in English- and Russian-speaking societies. In the process of performing the work, general research methods of analysis and synthesis, elements of the quantitative method, procedures of sociolinguistic, linguocultural and comparative methods as methods of separate paradigms of linguistics, non-paradigmatic descriptive method were applied. In addition, linguistic methods of semantic, phraseological, and etymological analysis were applied. The result of the work is the identification of a number of water transport idioms that entered English and Russian phraseology at different times and in different ways, an attempt to typologize them and the definition of sociolinguistic features of the compared groups of English and Russian idioms. The main conclusions are that among the phraseological units of the water transport discourse, 7 groups are distinguished based on the assignment of key components to different lexical-semantic groups; the correlation of equivalent (28%), background (48%) and non-equivalent (14%) pairs of English and Russian phraseological units of water transport discourse was calculated; 11% of phraseological units of one language do not have phraseological equivalents in another language. A certain group of English idioms that originated in water transport have Russian counterparts that originated in other discourses. The main reason for the asymmetric state lies in the much longer history of the English fleet than the Russian one, in the much greater employment of the population of Great Britain and other English-speaking countries in water transport, as well as the long period of time when the English language, according to the decision of the IMO, has a communicative monopoly in international shipping.