Abstract
Abstract A fascinating photonic platform with a small device scale, fast operating speed, as well as low energy consumption is two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their in-plane crystalline structures and out-of-plane quantum confinement. The key to further advancement in this research field is the ability to modify the optical properties of the 2D materials. The modifications typically come from the materials themselves, for example, altering their chemical compositions. This article reviews a comparably less explored but promising means, through engineering the photonic surroundings. Rather than modifying materials themselves, this means manipulates the dielectric and metallic environments, both uniform and nanostructured, that directly interact with the materials. For 2D materials that are only one or a few atoms thick, the interaction with the environment can be remarkably efficient. This review summarizes the three degrees of freedom of this interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, and multifunctionality. In addition, it reviews a relatively timing concept of engineering that directly applied to the 2D materials by patterning. Benefiting from the burgeoning development of nanophotonics, the engineering of photonic environments provides a versatile and creative methodology of reshaping light–matter interaction in 2D materials.
Highlights
It has been golden years of expansion to the family of twodimensional (2D) materials since the dormancy of atomically thin graphene more than a decade ago [1]
We review the recent advancement of this research frontier in 2D material–based nanophotonics
The first component is an LCP beam with a geometry phase shift of ei2θ and the other is the RCP residue beam which maintains the same geometric phase as the incident light. Those two beams can be separated at the K-space because of their different geometric phases and can interact with the WS2 monolayer integrated on the top of the gold metasurface, leading to a second harmonic generation (SHG) signal with a different circular polarization
Summary
It has been golden years of expansion to the family of twodimensional (2D) materials since the dormancy of atomically thin graphene more than a decade ago [1]. The reason that researchers are passionate about studying these 2D materials is their unique combination of features having both strong inplane bonds and relatively weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) forces Those features have made it possible to exfoliate layered 2D materials down to one or a few atoms in thickness. A promising means by which one can modify the optical properties of 2D materials is engineering the photonic environment. This method is benefiting greatly from the advancement of nanofabrication. Our focus is on the engineering of the photonic environment that surrounds the 2D materials in four aspects: Purcell effect in the weak coupling regime, polaritonics in the strong coupling regime, multifunctionalities using metamaterials, and the direct patterning of 2D materials. We will only briefly present the optical properties and functionalities of 2D materials (see Figure 1)
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