Abstract
Abstract Due to their novel electronic and optical properties, atomically thin layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming promising to realize novel functional optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, modulators, and lasers. However, light–matter interactions in 2D materials are often weak because of the atomic-scale thickness, thus limiting the performances of these devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons show strong ability to concentrate light within subwavelength region, opening thereby new avenues for strengthening the light–matter interactions and miniaturizing the devices. This review starts to present how to use metallic nanostructures to enhance light–matter interactions in 2D materials, mainly focusing on photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and nonlinearities of 2D materials. In addition, an overview of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid graphene–metal structures is given, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals. Then, the review summarizes the latest development of 2D material–based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonic nanostructures. Both off-chip and on-chip devices including modulators and photodetectors are discussed. The potentials of hybrid 2D materials plasmonic optoelectronic devices are finally summarized, giving the future research directions for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications.
Highlights
The research on two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), has been significantly boosting
One might optimize the plasmonic waveguide geometry to increase the contribution of effect by the 2D material, e.g. narrowing plasmonic slot waveguide [35], which might increase the challenge of nanofabrication and effective coupling
Some particular plasmonic waveguide design, for example, horizontal plasmonic slot waveguides might alleviate the requirement of alignment precision [238]
Summary
The research on two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), has been significantly boosting. Yan et al.: 2D materials integrated with metallic nanostructures family, 2D perovskites [19] has been widely combined with integrated photonic devices, such as solar cells [20, 21] and light sources [22, 23] These developed techniques enable us to study novel fundamental physics in these newly developed 2D and vdWs heterostructures, as well as investigating their potential applications in energy harvesting [24,25,26,27], photonics and optoelectronics [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35], and biotechnologies [36,37,38,39,40,41]. We review recent study of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid 2D-dielectricmetal structures, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals
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