Abstract
This paper considers the rockfall problems around the Seated Seokgayeorae Image at the UNESCO World Heritage site in Korea. Using the Barton-Bandis (BB) model in Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC), quantitative information on the detachment of the loose boulders was obtained. Based on the result of the field survey and laboratory tests, key parameters for rockfall simulation were determined, and then back analysis was performed to calibrate the parameters for the study site. The maximum run-out distances, bounce heights, kinetic energies and translational velocities of falling boulders were simulated using RocFall 4.0 to assess the rockfall hazard around the Seated Seokgayeorae Image to ensure both the stability of the bas-relief and the safety of tourists. The results of the analyses showed that about 80% of falling boulders in a range of 100–150 kg pass the altar with an average speed of 8.4 m/s and that the maximum kinetic energy of the falling boulders is 12.5 kJ if the boulders hit the head of the statue. Therefore, the removal of loose blocks and trees on the upper outcrop and limited rock bolting were suggested for the reduction of rockfall risk.
Published Version
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