Engaging students in online learning: technology-integrated distance learning for Chinese students at partner institutions in China

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of active learning methodologies and technology tools in enhancing cognitive engagement among students in an online learning environment. Traditional teaching methods may not be sufficient to be replicated to engage students in online learning, which may lead to lower levels of cognitive engagement and reduced learning outcomes. Thus, it is essential to explore how technology tools and active learning strategy can be used to enhance cognitive engagement in online learning. This study involves the implementation of book-end method in active learning strategy and the adoption of technology tools such as Mentimeter, Padlet, Zoom or Microsoft Teams with breakout function and Canva in online classes. The theory of constructive alignment, how people learn (HPL) framework and scaffolding strategies are employed to ensure a seamless harmony between the provided activities and assessments. The students had to reflect their experience in this online learning classes and thematic analysis was conducted deductively using pre-determined themes based on cognitive engagement theory to analyse whether the students were cognitively engaged during the online lessons. The findings of this study indicate that book-end approach in active learning using higher order thinking skills activities and technology tools can significantly enhance cognitive engagement among students in online learning. The use of recaps infused with Mentimeter and breakout sessions powered by Zoom or MS Teams and Canva as the intermittent discussions tools, contribute to improved cognitive engagement. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of using active learning methodologies and technology tools to enhance cognitive engagement in online learning. The findings suggest that educators should incorporate these tools and methodologies into their teaching practices to improve learning outcomes in online classes.

Since mid-March 2020, educational systems worldwide and particularly Ghana were under increasing pressure to use the new Digital Technologies (DTs) and mobile applications (apps) to assist teachers in guiding students to continue with online learning activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is aimed at assessing the utilization of DTs and apps tools by students during the COVID-19 pandemic and how those technologies have affected online learning in institutions of higher education in Ghana. The researcher adopted an online survey and exploratory-based design that utilized quantitative and qualitative approaches to purposively collect data from N=784 students from three major public universities in Ghana. Also, the study applied Uses and Gratification as the theoretical basis in understanding the utilization of DTs and their possible limitations for remote learning during the peak of COVID-19 in Ghana. This study reported that the specific DMTs and mobile apps used by students in higher education for online learning are smarts phones and apps such as Class In, Zoom, Skype, and Instagram live stream. This study also revealed that Personal Learning Network (PLN) such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter were also actively used by students for remote online learning. Again, the study shows that 77.1% of students in the sampled three universities were fully aware of the DTs and apps utilized for online learning during COVID-19. Also, the findings from this study report that students in higher institutions identified unstable electricity for continuous online learning, especially for those students in rural areas, unreliable internet service, poor WiFi connections, expensive smartphones / laptops, and high cost of inter bundle as key challenges of using DMTs and mobile apps for online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, on the perceived usefulness of DTs and mobile apps among students for online learning in higher educational institutions, the findings from this study suggest that DMT’s and apps were of great benefit to students for remote online learning.

Purpose–This paper attempted to describe the online learning self-efficacy of Teacher education students from two groups with and without prior online learning experience in one state university in the Philippines. It further determined whether the self-efficacy of the two groups are comparable as to learning in the online environment, time management, and technology use. Methodology–The researchers utilized the Online Learning Self-Efficacy Scale (OLSES) to collect the necessary data to assess and compare the level of online learning self-efficacy of the respondents from the two groups. Three hundred and eighty-seven Teacher Education students with and without prior online learning experienceparticipated in the study. Results–The study revealed that both groups rated their self-efficacy in learning in the online environment, time management, and technology use as very good. However, the students with online learning experience yielded a relatively higher online learning self-efficacy in all three domains compared to the students without an online learning experience. The study further showed that there is no significant difference in the online learning self-efficacy betweenthe two groups. Conclusion–The Teacher Education students assessed their online learning self-efficacy as very good regardless of their online learning experience. Based on the results of the study, since the p-values of all variables do not exceed the critical value of 0.05, the null hypotheses were all accepted. This implied that there is no statistical difference that exists in the online learning self-efficacy of the students from the two groups.Recommendation–The academic institution, instructors, and students should include the online learning self-efficacy of the students in designing a comprehensive online learning program. It is also recommended to conduct experimental research and explore other demographic factors for future research directions to substantiate the results of the present study.Practical Implications–The higher education institutions would be able to develop a comprehensive design of online delivery of teaching and learning, grounded on the self-efficacy in online learning of the students, to accommodate the needs of various students who lack learning experiences in the context of online learning.

Demotivation is a complex problem that many foreign language (FL) learners faced, and it is caused by a variety of factors including the teacher, poor self-esteem, and previous bad language learning experiences(BABA KHOUYA, 2018). This study aimed to understand the demotivating factors on EFL students in online learning. The participants of this study were three students of the third grade of senior high school in Karawang. This study used a qualitative case study design to address the research objectives. The data for this study was gathered through semi-structured interview questions as an instrument of this study. The collecting data was obtained through Google meeting. The result of this study revealed that there are two demotivating factors on EFL students in online learning. Those are the teacher’s methods and learning material. In this case, the researcher found out that those factors are from the external factors. In the teacher’s method, there are two aspects that demotivate EFL students in online learning. The first aspect is because the teacher always speaks English all the time during learning. The second is because the teacher did not evaluate the students’ assignments. The last factor is the learning materials, the students get difficult to understand the materials during online learning.
 
 Keywords: demotivation factors, online learning.

Purpose This paper aims to provide insights on student engagement in the learning of accounting during the COVID-19 disruptions and the pivot to online learning. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on reflections of academic staff members teaching accounting papers at two large New Zealand universities. Further supporting information was derived from student feedback collected via paper appraisals. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that there were some successes and numerous challenges in engaging students in online learning of accounting. Strategies that seem to have worked well include the use of synchronous and asynchronous channels to proactively facilitate and provide learning support to students in online learning. The challenges include frustrations with online technologies and the difficulties of making personal connections with students; therefore, engaging some of the cohort in the learning proved to be difficult. Research limitations/implications The findings of this paper suggest that there were some successes and numerous challenges in engaging students in online learning of accounting. Strategies that seem to have worked well include the use of synchronous and asynchronous channels to proactively facilitate and provide learning support to students in online learning. The challenges include frustrations with online technologies and the difficulties of making personal connections with students; therefore, engaging some of the cohort in the learning proved to be difficult. At risk, students were less likely to participate in online live sessions due to issues such as the lack of proper computer equipment, connectivity issues, family responsibilities or the home environment. Practical implications This paper has the potential to inform and enhance practices of higher education institutions, accounting educators and other stakeholders such as support staff on strategies that could be implemented to achieve effective student engagement in online accounting education. Originality/value This paper is original and contributes towards sharing ideas with the academic community on effective teaching practices used during the COVID-19 pivot to online delivery, which can enhance student engagement in business education.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Technological tools are means by which online teaching could encourage the engagement of students, especially elementary students. The present research studies how elementary teachers develop their use of technological tools in their asynchronous and synchronous online teaching, specifically when this online teaching occurs during emergency education. The research was conducted in the academic year 2019/2020. We interviewed two elementary teachers, where one of them taught asynchronous lessons more than synchronous, while the second taught synchronous lessons more than asynchronous. We analyzed the data using two frameworks: one for interaction type and one for engagement type. The research results indicated that different interaction types influenced teachers’ decisions to use technological tools. In addition, what concerned the teachers’ use of tools at the beginning was the cognitive engagement, but they advanced towards focusing on behavioral and the affective engagement.</p>

In the article, the authors are guided by the prevailing conditions for organising and constructively building the learning environment of an educational institution capable of providing online learning at the appropriate level, which is due to the objective conditions of martial law in Ukraine and the need for mandatory provision of education to citizens in accordance with the law. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of distance learning and ways of communication and interaction between teachers and students in the online format, which is ensured by appropriate methods of scientific and pedagogical research (systematic and analytical (study, analysis and systematisation of the data, ideas and facts obtained about the organisation of online learning in synchronous and asynchronous mode), contextual (identification of the features of communication and interaction between teachers and students in online learning). The result of the study is highlighting the peculiarities of communication and interaction between teachers and students in online learning, among which the authors have identified the appropriate level of educational communication, taking into account the personal and emotional interests and preferences of each participant in the educational process; personal connection and presence of participants in the educational process in both synchronous and asynchronous modes of learning; methodological and technical readiness of the teacher to organise distance learning; adherence to the ethics of conducting a remote dialogue in all forms and types of training sessions, which involves establishing mutual communication, dialogue with a virtual audience, exchange of opinions, feedback and visual contact; mutual trust between participants in the educational process; establishing open cooperation between the teacher and the student; objectivity of knowledge assessment; the ability of the student to self-organise; mutual planning of training schedules. Particular attention is focused on the fact that the highlighted features of communication and interaction between teachers and students in online learning provide a proper learning environment of the educational institution, promote socio-emotional learning, and adherence to the principles of academic integrity.

In creating satisfying interactions, it requires interpersonal communication that goes both ways between teachers and deaf students in online learning. This study aims to find out how interpersonal communication occurs between deaf teachers and students in online learning which is studied using symbolic interaction theory in S Public Special Education School Bekasi Regency. This research used a qualitative research method by collecting data through interviews with twelve informants who were divided into key informants and supporting informants, namely six teachers and six deaf students of Public Special Education School Bekasi Regency with data analysis using ATLAS.ti software. The results show that there are three aspects of symbolic interaction in interpersonal communication carried out by deaf teachers and students in online learning, including 1) Mind, resulting in the theme of online learning situations, 2) Self, producing the theme of interaction with children, 3) Society, resulting in the theme of building interaction. These three aspects give rise to four categories, including technical barriers, non-technical barriers, interaction approach strategies, and providing support to children. This research can help provide information about interpersonal communication carried out by deaf teachers and students in online learning.

Online learning is education that takes place over the internet with many advantages of online learning however this can contribute to the academic stress of students and have an impact on the fatigue level of students. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of academic stress on the level of fatigue that students experience in online learning. A survey questionnaire that consists of the FAS questionnaire and academic stressors was distributed to 100 respondents in the National Capital Region, Philippines. The FAS score revealed that 92% of the respondent's experience fatigue while the remaining 8% do not have fatigue. The top 3 academic stressors that online students experience most of the time are fear of failure, self-expectations, and exams and deadlines. The ANOVA analysis results revealed a significant difference between the gender and the fatigue level of students in online learning. Correlation analysis results showed that all the academic stressors have a significant relationship with the fatigue level of students in online learning. Poor school- life balance has the highest correlation with the fatigue level of students followed by poor time management, and lack of mental care therefore, indicating that academic stress has an effect on the level of fatigue students experience in online learning.

This study has a research objective, namely to find out the results of a literature review about the learning independence of elementary school students in online learning and to find out the results of a literature review regarding the learning outcomes of elementary school students in online learning. The research method used in this study is to collect articles, journals and books that are in line with the title of the research used by the researcher. So the results of this study are learning independence is one of the factors that determine student success in learning, so that learning independence is important for anyone, especially a student if he wants to achieve success in his life. From the emergence of independent learning in students, it can affect the learning outcomes obtained by students in the learning process, because learning outcomes are assessments made by teachers in learning that can show learning outcomes that can be used as guidelines by teachers to see students' understanding of the material given during learning .Keywords- Independent Learning; Learning outcomes; Online Learning.

To improve the school's teaching plan, optimize the online learning system, and help students achieve better learning outcomes, an educative data mining model for the supervision of the e-learning process was established. Statistical analysis and visualization in data mining techniques, association rule algorithms, and clustering algorithms were applied. The teaching data of a college English teaching management platform was systematically analyzed. A related conclusion was drawn on the relationship between students' English learning effects and online learning habits. The results showed that this method could effectively help teachers judge students' online learning results, understand their online learning status, and improve their online learning process. Therefore, the model can improve the effectiveness of students' online learning.

Echoing the call for improving the definition and measurement of online student engagement, this study examined the association between students' engagement and their online course experiences in emergency online learning during COVID‐19. A sample of 5672 undergraduate students from eight higher education institutions in China participated in the study. The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that students' online course experiences were significantly related to their motivation and/or engagement in emergency online learning. Three types of pedagogical factors influencing student engagement were identified, namely, three “extensively adaptive factors,” two “partially adaptive factors,” and one “dual‐effect factor.” These findings indicate the importance of teacher training for instructors to make better use of online learning, and reveal the pedagogical opportunities to improve student engagement in technology‐mediated learning in the postpandemic era.

Researchers have posited different types of engagement, distinguishing between behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement and theoretical frameworks have helped explain the psychological aspects of engagement. However, game researchers should examine all types of engagement using multiple methodologies as a means to understand what students are learning from educational games during game play. Conclusive results require psychological aspects and learning characteristics to be considered, but also require a deeper understanding of the intricate links between learning and game mechanics for engagement. This article presents the findings from a qualitative study with thirty participants that focuses on the importance of affective and cognitive engagement during game play with educational games. To do this, the researchers used Ferran Alsina, a game that would help to develop learning competences of primary education skills. Researchers obtained the experiences of students through a game play session, basic game metrics, think-aloud protocol, observation and focus groups. Results shows that the game provided participants an active participation associated with both affective and cognitive engagement. Without attention to cognition the atuhors risk losing valuable data that relate to a student's learning. Researchers should consider multiple qualitative methodologies and game play experience analysis as student experiences are qualitative.

Researchers have posited different types of engagement, distinguishing between behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement and theoretical frameworks have helped explain the psychological aspects of engagement. However, game researchers should examine all types of engagement using multiple methodologies as a means to understand what students are learning from educational games during game play. Conclusive results require psychological aspects and learning characteristics to be considered, but also require a deeper understanding of the intricate links between learning and game mechanics for engagement. This article presents the findings from a qualitative study with thirty participants that focuses on the importance of affective and cognitive engagement during game play with educational games. To do this, the researchers used Ferran Alsina, a game that would help to develop learning competences of primary education skills. Researchers obtained the experiences of students through a game play session, basic game metrics, think-aloud protocol, observation and focus groups. Results shows that the game provided participants an active participation associated with both affective and cognitive engagement. Without attention to cognition the atuhors risk losing valuable data that relate to a student's learning. Researchers should consider multiple qualitative methodologies and game play experience analysis as student experiences are qualitative.

During the online learning period there are obstacles and obstacles faced by students, even so learning must still be carried out, so students are expected to be able to convince themselves to be able to achieve online learning goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social support on selfefficacy in Islamic students. This study used a quantitative approach with a sample of 410 students, with 124 male students and 286 female students. The general self-efficacy scale-12 (GSES-12) developed by Bosscher & Smit (1998) is used by researchers to measure self-efficacy, and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) created by Zimet et al. (1988) researchers used to measure social support. Test the validity of the construct measurement on each variable was carried out after data collection and before data analysis. In testing the validity of measuring instruments, researchers used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (Muthen & Muthen, 2017). Hypothesis testing was carried out using the software SPSS Version 24. The results showed a significance value of .000 (p < .05) thus, there was a significant influence between social support on the self-efficacy of Islamic students in online learning. The results of the regression analysis test obtained an R Square of .152 or 15.2% on the effect of social support on self-efficacy in Islamic students in online learning.