Enfermedades bronquiales y pulmonares hereditarias y congénitas

Abstract

Congenital diseases of the respiratory system comprise a large number of embryonic development diseases that can compromise the development of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, pulmonary parenchyma, vessels, diaphragm, or thoracic wall. Prenatal ultrasound has made it possible for a large number of lung malformations to be detected before birth. Imaging techniques (radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography) are essential for diagnosis. The treatment is surgical in most cases. We will study embryology, lung development abnormalities, cystic adenomatoid malformation, sequestration, bronchogenic cyst, congenital lobar emphysema, and vascular abnormalities.Hereditary diseases originate from genetic abnormalities. They can affect the respiratory tract, parenchyma, and vascular structures of the lung. They include very diverse diseases such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, primary ciliary dyskinesia, or cystic fibrosis which, given its frequency and clinical relevance, is the disease we will study in this update.