Abstract
A selective laser excitation technique has been used to study energy transfer between the individual ions of specific crystallographic sites in charge compensated CaF2:Er3+. Unique energy transfer rates have been obtained directly from the fluorescent transients of the selectively excited sites. No energy transfer processes were observed between sites corresponding to single Er3+ ions. For those sites composed of Er3+ clusters, very efficient and complex intracluster energy transfer was observed despite large energy defects requiring phonon assistance. The ion pair relaxation processes compete efficiently with multiphonon relaxation because smaller contributions from lattice phonons are required. Analogous energy transfer interactions were found to occur between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions in mixed cluster sites in double-doped crystals. Detailed relaxation and energy transfer mechanisms are presented. Kinetic expressions describing excited state relaxation are derived from these mechanisms and are used to provide theoretical fits to experimental fluorescence transients confirming the relaxation mechanisms proposed.
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