Energy Simulation and Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Designing Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings in Pakistan

Abstract

In Pakistan, the commercial buildings consume up to 7.5% of total electricity produced. Being an energy deficient country, it is very important for Pakistan to promote the use of energy efficiency measures. This research is conducted to find out the best practices, which can be implemented in Pakistan to reduce the energy consumption of commercial buildings. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is also carried out to determine the payback period. Three commercial buildings ranging from 4 floors to 14 floors height in Lahore, Pakistan were chosen for this research. A Baseline model was developed using the Sefaira® energy analysis software. Energy efficiency measures (or products) were then selected which are available in the local market and individually applied to the Baseline model for comparison. Results of the energy simulation showed that the commercial buildings can save from 5 to 12% of electricity by using adequate wall and roof insulation, double glazed windows, LED lighting, and occupancy sensors. For LCCA, cost information of energy efficiency measures was collected locally and Present Value method was employed to determine the payback period. The LCCA results showed that the initial cost of the energy efficiency measures can be recovered in 4.5–9 years. The paper provides recommendations for local designers, constructors, and policy makers to promote the use of energy efficient buildings in Pakistan.