Abstract
One of the main challenges of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is the resource (bandwidth and wavelength) management. Since it has been shown that access networks consume a significant part of the overall energy of the telecom networks, the resource management schemes should also consider energy minimization strategies. To sustain the increased bandwidth demand of emerging applications in the access section of the network, it is expected that next generation optical access networks will adopt the wavelength division/time division multiplexing (WDM/TDM) technique to increase PONs capacity. Compared with traditional PONs, the architecture of a WDM/TDM-PON requires more transceivers/receivers, hence they are expected to consume more energy. In this paper, we focus on the energy minimization in WDM/TDM-PONs and we propose an energy-efficient Dynamic Bandwidth and Wavelength Allocation mechanism whose objective is to turn off, whenever possible, the unnecessary upstream traffic receivers at the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). We evaluate our mechanism in different scenarios and show that the proper use of upstream channels leads to relevant energy savings. Our proposed energy-saving mechanism is able to save energy at the OLT while maintaining the introduced penalties in terms of packet delay and cycle time within an acceptable range. We might highlight the benefits of our proposal as a mechanism that maximizes the channel utilization. Detailed implementation of the proposed algorithm is presented, and simulation results are reported to quantify energy savings and effects on network performance on different network scenarios.
Highlights
It is likely that, from a technological outlook, the Future Internet will be an integration of long-haul high-speed optical networks; a number of wireless networks at the edge; and, in between, several access technologies
In a wavelength division/time division multiplexing (WDM/TDM)-Passive Optical Networks (PONs) we argue here that if we are able to operate with fewer wavelengths, while still serving all bandwidth demands, the energy consumption can be minimized by shutting down idle receivers/transceivers at the Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
While previous proposals have targeted energy savings by using the sleep mode at the OLT transceivers or at the Optical Network Units (ONUs), in this paper for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel energy-aware mechanism to save energy at the OLT in a WDM/TDM-PON based on upstream network traffic
Summary
From a technological outlook, the Future Internet will be an integration of long-haul high-speed optical networks; a number of wireless networks at the edge; and, in between, several access technologies. Physical approaches introduce new energy-efficient optical device architectures, while data-link proposals require extensions of resource management algorithms to include “energy awareness”, but only few of them so far have addressed the case of WDM/TDM-PONs. In order to strengthen research on energy-saving besides technical studies, standardization works have been carried out by IEEE and ITU-T [10,11] to describe power saving methods. This paper is an extension of our previous work [12], where we have presented a novel energy-efficient resource management mechanism for WDM/TDM-PON.
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