Abstract
Dry matter intake may decrease 10 to 30% during the period three weeks prior to calving. During the last 3 weeks prior to calving it is recommended that the energy density be in the range of 1.5 to 1.6 Meal NE/kg dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) in the range of 13-14%, nonfiber carbohydrate between 33 and 38% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 32-50%. More information is needed regarding the metabolizable protein and energy needs of the fetus, placenta, fetal fluids, uterus and mammary gland during the dry period. Proper formulation of rations for protein, energy density, fiber and nonforage fiber carbohydrates will help to increase intake prior to calving. Management of body condition and cow comfort are also critical to assure an excellent transition program.
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