Abstract
Received 2 March 2009; revised manuscript received 4 May 2009; published 11 June 2009We use photoelectron spectroscopy to study the electronic structure and energy level alignment throughoutan organic light-emitting diode. The structure under investigation is a state-of-the-art long-living red phospho-rescent device composed of doped charge-injection layers, charge-blocking layers, and an emission layer. Byconsecutively building up the whole device, the key parameters of every interface are measured. Our resultsshow that the doped layers have a significant influence on the device energetics, especially in controlling thebuilt-in potential, and that there are mostly only small dipoles present at the interfaces of the intrinsic organiclayers.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.245308 PACS number s : 79.60.Fr, 85.60.Jb
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